Blood reservoir function of dog spleen, liver, and intestine

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. H67-H72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Carneiro ◽  
D. E. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Splanchnic Circulation ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Reservoir Function ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Volumes ◽  
Blood Reservoir

The reflex decrease in blood volume of the spleen, the liver, and the intestine of vagotomized dogs was measured by plethysmographic techniques during bilateral carotid occlusion and moderate and severe hemorrhage. The volume of blood mobilized from each organ during carotid occlusion and moderate hemorrhage was from 6 to 30% of their respective blood volumes and from 55 to 81% during severe hemorrhage. In each experimental situation the spleen exhibited the greatest ability to release blood and the intestine, the least. During moderate hemorrhage (9 ml/kg) the spleen yielded a volume equal to 35% of the blood lost, the liver 14% and the intestine 7%. Comparable figures for severe hemorrhage were 26, 13, and 5%, respectively. This order of ranking the component regions of the splanchnic circulation with regard to function as a blood reservoir may be specific for the dog

Hepatic Capacitance Vessel Responses to Bilateral Carotid Occlusion in Anesthetized Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Lautt ◽  
C. V. Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Capacitance Vessel ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hepatic Volume ◽  
The Mean

Hepatic volume was recorded by a plethysmographic technique in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital; the hepatic artery and portal vein remained intact. The mean change in hepatic blood volume during bilateral carotid occlusion was less than 2% and there was no significant difference between responses in innervated and denervated livers. These results, together with other reports in the literature, support the conclusion that capacitance vessel responses, a redistribution of blood volume, a change in cardiac output, and release of catecholamines from the adrenal medullae do not occur in arterial baroreceptor reflex responses.

Systemic responses to carotid occlusion in the anesthetized rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
E. Haase ◽  
A. A. Shoukas
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

We evaluated the effects of four standard anesthetization regimens on the systemic cardiovascular responses to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in 28 adult male rats. Rats were randomly assigned to anesthesia groups: thiopental sodium (PT; 100 mg/kg ip), alpha-chloralose (CH; 100 mg/kg iv), ketamine hydrochloride plus acepromazine (KA; 135 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg sc), and pentobarbital sodium (PB; 50 mg/kg ip). PT and PB animals had similar baseline heart rates (HR; 333 and 345 beats/min, respectively) and arterial pressures (MAP; 126 and 118 mmHg, respectively), whereas both were lower in CH and KA (314 and 288 beats/min, 92 and 85 mmHg). During bilateral carotid occlusion, PT demonstrated the largest change in MAP (dMAP; +27 mmHg) but the smallest change in HR (dHR; +8 beats/min). CH and PB demonstrated similar dHR (+24 and +16 beats/min) and dMAP (+20 and +19 mmHg). KA demonstrated a significant dHR (+14 beats/min), but the average dMAP was not statistically significant (+3 mmHg). Therefore, carotid occlusion in rats anesthetized with PT, PB, or CH consistently elicits a systemic arterial pressor response comparable with that reported for conscious animals. When the magnitude and stability of baseline HR and MAP are also considered, PT and PB anesthetization seem to be the most reliable for evaluation of the carotid occlusion pressor response in rats.

scholarly journals Severe autogenously fecal peritonitis in Wistar rats with permanent bilateral carotid occlusion. Response to intra peritoneal moxifloxacin combined with dexamethasone

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília Santos Cavalcanti Melo ◽  
Diego Nery Benevides Gadelha ◽  
Thárcia Kiara Beserra Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Teixeira Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Fecal Peritonitis ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid

Constriction of lymphatics by catecholamines, carotid occlusion, or hemorrhage

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. H514-H524
Author(s):  
J. M. Dabney ◽  
M. J. Buehn ◽  
D. E. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Lymphatic Function ◽  
Hemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid

Regulation of lymphatics by sympathetic nerves or hormones seems probable. To elucidate this, we perfused a lymphatic vessel in the paw of the anesthetized dog while measuring lymphatic perfusion pressure. We studied the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, hemorrhage, and carotid occlusion on lymphatic pressure. Blood was pumped to the forelimb via the brachial artery. Cannulas were placed to measure systemic, central venous, and forelimb vascular pressures. Catecholamines, whether added to the lymphatic perfusate or infused into the forelimb arterial blood, and bilateral carotid occlusion significantly increased lymphatic perfusion pressure. Perfusion of prenodal lymphatics disconnected from downstream vessels and nodes indicated that this increase occurred primarily in prenodal lymph vessels. Hemorrhagic hypotension to 55 mmHg did not affect lymphatic pressure but reduction to 35 mmHg did. The increase in lymphatic pressure produced by epinephrine and norepinephrine was blocked by phentolamine. Increased lymphatic perfusion pressure subsequent to exogenous catecholamines, severe hemorrhagic hypotension, or bilateral carotid occlusion supports the possibility that lymphatic function is modulated by adrenergic mechanisms in physiological and/or pathophysiological states.

Modulation of baroreflex by varying insulin and glucose in conscious dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. R624-R633 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Fitzovich ◽  
D. C. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
State Reduction ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid

We developed a conscious, chronically instrumented canine preparation (n = 5 dogs) in which insulin concentration was precisely controlled to study the effects of controlled variations of plasma insulin and glucose concentrations on cardiac responses to bilateral carotid occlusion and dobutamine. Endogenous insulin secretion was reduced to negligible levels using alloxan and then replaced by continuous, constant intravenous insulin infusion at a rate (0.625 +/- 0.115 U/h) sufficient to maintain fasting normoglycemia (85 +/- 9 mg/100 ml); plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in this basal "normal insulin, normal glucose" (NI,NG) condition was 0.362 +/- 0.45 ng/ml (NS vs. prealloxan fasting concentration). A fivefold increase of IRI from NI,NG levels with normoglycemia maintained (5 x NI,NG) reduced (P less than 0.05) the maximal first time derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dtmax) from 3,010 +/- 62 to 2,398 +/- 91 (SE) mmHg/s but had no effect on LV dP/dtmax when plasma glucose was elevated to 298 +/- 25 mg/100 ml (5 x NI,HG). The LV dP/dtmax increase during bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) in the NI,NG state of 124 +/- 17 mmHg/s was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the 5 x NI,HG state to 58 +/- 18 mmHg/s but was not altered in the 5 x NI,NG state. Reduction of plasma insulin to one-fifth of the normal fasting level had no effect on basal cardiac function or the responses to BCO. There were no other statistically significant effects of insulin or glucose concentration on cardiovascular responses to BCO or to infusion of dobutamine. Our data indicate that physiologically realistic variations in plasma IRI and glucose concentrations interact and may modulate cardiovascular responses to changes in autonomic nervous activity, even though previously reported effects of pharmacological doses of insulin were not observed.

Determination of residual blood volume required for survival in rapidly hemorrhaged splenectomized dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rawson ◽  
Shu Chien ◽  
M. T. Peng ◽  
R. J. Dellenback
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Residual Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Twenty-four splenectomized dogs (average blood volume of 83 ml/kg) were hemorrhaged from 43–55% of their control blood volumes. The Fcells factor as determined from cell (Cr51) and plasma (T-1824) volume measurements was unchanged by severe hemorrhage. (0.88, S.D., 0.020 before and 0.88, S.D., 0.028 after hemorrhage). There were 12 survivors and 12 nonsurvivors. Fifty per cent survival occurred at a residual blood volume of 61%. The results are compared with previous studies in this laboratory and discussed in relation to factors that appear to influence the tolerance to reduction in blood volume.

Effect of Bilateral Occlusion of Common Carotid Arteries on Cardiac Output and Oxygen Content of Arterial and Venous Blood in the Anesthetized Dog

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley H. Brind ◽  
Joseph R. Bianchine ◽  
Matthew N. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Venous Oxygen Content ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Changes in cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure, hematocrit ratio, and arterial and venous oxygen content resulting from bilateral carotid occlusion were investigated. Cardiac output exhibited no significant alteration during endosinusal hypotension, and the systemic hypertension engendered was attributed to an increase in vasomotor tone. Arterial and venous oxygen content, as well as hematocrit ratio, increased significantly during the period of carotid occlusion. This increase was ascribed to splenic contraction evoked by carotid occlusion, since no comparable augmentation was observed when the splenic circulation was temporarily interrupted.

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