Determination of residual blood volume required for survival in rapidly hemorrhaged splenectomized dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rawson ◽  
Shu Chien ◽  
M. T. Peng ◽  
R. J. Dellenback
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Residual Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Twenty-four splenectomized dogs (average blood volume of 83 ml/kg) were hemorrhaged from 43–55% of their control blood volumes. The Fcells factor as determined from cell (Cr51) and plasma (T-1824) volume measurements was unchanged by severe hemorrhage. (0.88, S.D., 0.020 before and 0.88, S.D., 0.028 after hemorrhage). There were 12 survivors and 12 nonsurvivors. Fifty per cent survival occurred at a residual blood volume of 61%. The results are compared with previous studies in this laboratory and discussed in relation to factors that appear to influence the tolerance to reduction in blood volume.

Determination of rate of cross circulation in parabiotic rats with P32-labeled erythrocytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fleming ◽  
Laura Caldwell ◽  
Roberta Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Blood Volumes

Litter-mate female rats parabiosed at 21 days by the Bunster-Meyer method were allowed to mature for several months. Volumes of blood obtained from donor animals were incubated at 37°C with P32, in the form of buffered isotonic sodium phosphate. A plasma-free suspension of labeled erythrocytes was prepared and a sample of known activity was injected into the femoral vein of one member of each parabiotic pair. Four pairs of 100 lambda blood samples, obtained by venipuncture, were taken at varying intervals, for the succeeding 150 minutes. Using the dye dilution principle, it was possible to determine the blood volume of the injected rat after the first sample, and that of the pair at the time of equilibrium. The average blood volume was 6.53% of body weight. The concentration of tagged cells reached equal values in both members of the pairs at an average time of 90 minutes. There was less than a 20% loss of total activity in all the pairs used for determinations. An equation was derived for the calculation of the rate of exchange. The average for 15 pairs was 2.09 blood volumes per hour. The range was from 3.95 bl. vol/hr. in the fastest pair to 0.74 bl. vol/hr. in the slowest.

Central and noncentral blood volumes in cirrhosis: relationship to anthropometrics and gender

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. G970-G979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Møller ◽  
Jens H. Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Bendtsen
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Blood Volumes

The size of the central and arterial blood volume (CBV) is essential in the understanding of fluid retention in cirrhosis. Previously, it has been reported decreased, normal, or increased, but no reports have analyzed CBV with respect to gender and lean body mass. The aim of the present study was by means of an optimized technique to reassess it in a large group of patients with cirrhosis compared with healthy controls and matched controls in relationship to their body dimensions and gender. Eighty-three patients with cirrhosis (male/female, 60:23), 67 patients without liver disease (male/female, 22:45), and 14 young healthy controls (male/female, 6:8) underwent a hemodynamic investigation with determination of cardiac output, central circulation time, and CBV determined according to kinetic principles. Related to gender, CBV was lower in male cirrhotics (1.48 ± 0.30 liter) than in matched and young controls (1.68 ± 0.33 and 1.72 ± 0.33 liter, respectively; P < 0.05–0.01). No significant differences in CBV were seen between female cirrhotics and controls. Absolute and adjusted CBVs were lower in the females than in men with cirrhosis ( P < 0.001), and men with cirrhosis had lower absolute and body weight-adjusted CBVs than matched controls ( P< 0.01). Normalized values of CBV (%total blood volume) were significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis (25 ± 4%) than in matched controls (31 ± 7%) and young controls (28 ± 4%; P < 0.02). CBV correlated significantly with anthropometrics, including lean body mass ( r = 0.68–0.82; P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the CBV of patients with cirrhosis was lower than that of controls when adjusted for body dimensions and gender. There are significant gender differences, and signs of underfilling are more pronounced in male than in female patients. The results emphasize the importance of adjustments of blood volumes for anthropometrics and gender.

Blood reservoir function of dog spleen, liver, and intestine

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. H67-H72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Carneiro ◽  
D. E. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Splanchnic Circulation ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Reservoir Function ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Blood Volumes ◽  
Blood Reservoir

The reflex decrease in blood volume of the spleen, the liver, and the intestine of vagotomized dogs was measured by plethysmographic techniques during bilateral carotid occlusion and moderate and severe hemorrhage. The volume of blood mobilized from each organ during carotid occlusion and moderate hemorrhage was from 6 to 30% of their respective blood volumes and from 55 to 81% during severe hemorrhage. In each experimental situation the spleen exhibited the greatest ability to release blood and the intestine, the least. During moderate hemorrhage (9 ml/kg) the spleen yielded a volume equal to 35% of the blood lost, the liver 14% and the intestine 7%. Comparable figures for severe hemorrhage were 26, 13, and 5%, respectively. This order of ranking the component regions of the splanchnic circulation with regard to function as a blood reservoir may be specific for the dog

Genetic influences on survival time after severe hemorrhage in inbred rat strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold G. Klemcke ◽  
Bina Joe ◽  
Mariam L. Calderon ◽  
Rajiv Rose ◽  
Thomas Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Inbred Rat Strains ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Inbred Rat ◽  
Blood Volumes

To find a genetic basis for differential ability to survive severe hemorrhage, we previously showed eightfold differences in survival times among inbred rat strains. We assumed that rat strains had similar normalized blood volumes (NBV; ml/100 g body wt). As NBV might vary among strains and constitute one genetic variable affecting survival time to hemorrhage, in experiment 1 of the current studies we first measured total blood volumes and calculated NBV in specific inbred rat strains (Brown Norway/Medical College of Wisconsin, BN; Dark Agouti, DA; Fawn Hooded Hypertensive, FHH; Lewis, LEW; and Dahl Salt-Sensitive, SS) previously found to be divergent in survival time. NBV differed by 20% ( P < 0.01; BN > SS > FHH = LEW = DA) and had a heritability (h2) of 0.56. Hence, differential survival times in our previously published study might reflect strain-dependent differences in NBV. Then studies were conducted wherein rats were catheterized and, ∼24 h later, 47% of their blood volume was removed; these rats were observed for a maximum of 4 h. In experiment 2, blood volumes were measured the day prior to hemorrhage. Percent survival and survival time did not differ among strains. To obviate possible confounding effects of blood volume determination, in experiment 3 the average NBV for each strain was used to determine hemorrhage volumes. Percent survival ( P < 0.01) and survival times ( P < 0.001) were different with DA demonstrating the best (62.5%, 190 ± 29 min) and BN the worst (0%, 52 ± 5 min) survival responses. These data indicate that both blood volume and survival time after hemorrhage in rats are heritable quantitative traits, and continue to suggest that genetic assessment of these phenotypes might lead to novel therapeutics to improve survival to hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Should we stop using the determination of central venous pressure as a way to estimate cardiac preload?

2012 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Smith Ceron Arias ◽  
Manuel Felipe Muñoz Nañez
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Cardiac Preload ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Dynamic Variables

The determination of the values of central venous pressure has long been used as a guideline for volumetric therapy in the resuscitation of the critical patient, but the performance of such parameter is currently being questioned as an effective measurement of cardiac preload. This has aroused great interest in the search for more accurate parameters to determine cardiac preload and a patient’s blood volume. Goals and Methodology: Based on literature currently available, we aim to discuss the performance of central venous pressure as an effective parameter to determine cardiac preload. Results and Conclusion: Estimating variables such as end-diastolic ventricular area and global end-diastolic volume have a better performance than central venous pressure in determining cardiac preload. Despite the best performance of these devices, central venous pressure is still considered in our setting as the most practical and most commonly available way to assess the patient’s preload. Only dynamic variables such as pulse pressure change are superior in determining an individual’s blood volume.

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