Adrenergic and pressure-dependent vascular regulation in sedentary and trained rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. H1064-H1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
T. Reilly ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
H. G. Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Regulation ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Bilateral Carotid

In this study, we determined if aerobic exercise training alters adrenergic or pressure-dependent vascular regulation in the rat hindlimb or intestine. Pressor responses to bilateral carotid artery occlusion and systemic phenylephrine (PE) infusion were not altered by training. During occlusion, peak and steady-state changes in hindlimb vascular resistance (HLR) were significantly greater in trained (24 and 13%) than in sedentary (8 and -3%) rats; a similar trend existed for intestinal vascular resistance (IR). The pressure-dependent contribution was consistent between groups (HLR: peak 55-85%, steady state 25-45%; IR: peak and steady state 40-65%). During PE infusion, increases in IR and HLR were similar between groups. The increase in HLR was substantially pressure dependent in both groups (approximately 50% at highest dose) as was the change in IR in trained rats. However, the IR response to PE was not pressure dependent in sedentary rats. The direct effects of PE were similar between sedentary and trained rats in the hindlimb but were suppressed in the intestine of trained rats compared with sedentary rats. Therefore, aerobic exercise training altered adrenergic and pressure-dependent vasoregulatory mechanisms in both skeletal muscle and intestinal tissues.

Vasopressin potentiation of catecholamine actions in dog, rat, cat, and rat aortic strip

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Bartelstone ◽  
Peter A. Nasmyth
Keyword(s):  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Aortic Strip ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Pithed Rats ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Physiological Dose ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Artery

This study was undertaken to determine whether arginine vasopressin, infused or injected in doses within known physiological ranges, can alter pressor responses to injected or endogenously liberated catecholamines. In 8 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, 14 pithed rats, and 7 spinal cats, the pressor responses to catecholamine injections were definitely potentiated by administration of nonpressor doses of vasopressin. In eight dogs anesthetized with N2O-O2, readily reproducible pressor responses to bilateral carotid artery occlusion were subsequently potentiated by infusions of vasopressin. Vasopressin also potentiated both isometric and isotonic responses of 37 rat aortic strip preparations to norepinephrine or epinephrine added to the Krebs-bicarbonate bath. Vasopressin, in physiological dose ranges, potentiates pressor responses to catecholamines by a direct rather than a central action. Endogenously liberated vasopressin may play a role in the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to endogenously liberated catecholamines in dog, rat, and cat.

The Effects of Halothane on Cardiovascular Responses in the Neuraxis of Cats 

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Farber ◽  
Enric Samso ◽  
John P. Kampine ◽  
William T. Schmeling
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Cns Stimulation

Background This study examined the effects of halothane on arterial pressure after central nervous system (CNS) pressor site stimulation in anesthetized cats, cats rendered unconscious by midcollicular transection, and conscious cats. Methods Two anesthetized groups and two nonanesthetized groups were used. Cats were anesthetized with either alpha-chloralose and urethane or pentobarbital. Nonanesthetized groups were cats with midcollicular transections or conscious cats with chronically implanted electrodes. Stimulating electrodes were placed into vasomotor areas of the hypothalamus (HYP), reticular formation (RF), and medulla, and arterial pressure responses to increasing stimulus currents were examined during different halothane concentrations. Two groups of cats were also anesthetized with either pentobarbital or urethane and underwent bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Results Stimulation at each CNS site produced increases in arterial pressure and heart rate. Halothane attenuated pressor responses evoked by stimulation of all loci in all groups of cats. The inhibition by halothane on these cardiovascular responses was greatest at HYP and RF sites, while the medulla was more resistant to the effects of halothane in the anesthetized animals. Midcollicular transection decreased this medullary resistance. The inhibition of pressor responses by halothane was also greater in pentobarbital-than chloralose urethane-anesthetized animals. In contrast, pressor responses elicited by bilateral carotid occlusion were attenuated by halothane similarly in both anesthetic groups. Reticular formation stimulation in conscious animals resulted in "altering responses" in addition to pressor effects, both of which were attenuated by halothane. Conclusions Modulation of CNS cardiovascular control centers contribute to halothane-induced hemodynamic alterations. Baseline anesthesia, CNS stimulation site, and the suprabulbar system influence the effects of halothane.

scholarly journals Effect of aerobic exercise training on regional blood flow and vascular resistance in diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cristina Ferreira Freitas ◽  
Ângela d’Avila Harthmann ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues ◽  
Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen ◽  
Kátia De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Age-Related Attenuation of Aerobic Exercise Training Adaptation in 24-Week Old Rats

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1916-P
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. SCALZO ◽  
GRAHAME F. EVANS ◽  
SARA E. HULL ◽  
LESLIE KNAUB ◽  
LORI A. WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Training Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats

scholarly journals A 16-week aerobic exercise and mindfulness-based intervention on chronic psychosocial stress: a pilot and feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Prochilo ◽  
Ricardo J.S. Costa ◽  
Craig Hassed ◽  
Richard Chambers ◽  
Pascal Molenberghs
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Definitive Trial ◽  
Chronic Psychosocial Stress

Abstract Objectives Researchers have begun delivering mindfulness and aerobic exercise training concurrently on the premise that a combination intervention will yield salutary outcomes over and above each intervention alone. An estimate of the effect of combination training on chronic psychosocial stress in a nonclinical population has not been established. The objective of this study was to establish protocol feasibility in preparation of a definitive RCT targeting healthy individuals, and to explore the preliminary effect of combination training on reducing chronic psychosocial stress in this population. Methods Twenty-four participants were allocated to a single-arm pre-post study and subjected to 16 weeks of concurrent mindfulness psychoeducation and aerobic exercise training. Feasibility criteria were collected and evaluated. Within-group changes in chronic psychosocial stress, mindfulness, emotion regulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also assessed. Primary analyses were based on 17 participants. Results Retention rate, response rate, recruitment rate, and sample size analyses indicate a definitive trial is feasible for detecting most effects with precision. There was also a decline in our primary dependent measure of chronic psychosocial stress (dpretest = −0.56, 95% CI [ −1.14,−0.06]). With regard to secondary measures, there was an increase in the use of cognitive reappraisal, and a reduction in use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. We are insufficiently confident to comment on changes in mindfulness and aerobic capacity $\left (\dot {V}O_{2max}\right)$ V ̇ O 2 max . However, there were subgroup improvements in aerobic economy at submaximal exercise intensities. Conclusions We recommend a definitive trial is feasible and should proceed. Trial registration ANZCTR (ID: ACTRN12619001726145). Retrospectively registered December 9, 2019.

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