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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxin Wang ◽  
Yangfeng Guo ◽  
Xueying Du ◽  
Wenyan Li ◽  
Ruipeng Wu ◽  
...  

Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, adolescents' emerging mental health and behavior issues have been an international public health concern. This longitudinal study aimed to examine the situation of poor sleep quality, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents and to explore the associations between them before and during COVID-19. A total of 1,952 middle and high school students as eligible participants at baseline (pre-COVID-19, Wave 1; response rate: 98.79%), 1,831 eligible students were followed up at Wave 2 (October 2019 to December 2019, pre-COVID-19; retention rate: 93.80%), and 1,790 completed the follow-up at Wave 3 (during the COVID-19; retention rate: 97.80%). The mean age of the baseline students was 13.56 (SD: 1.46) years. The differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms between Wave 1, Wave 2, and Wave 3 were not statistically significant. The proportion of students with poor sleep quality increased over time, from Wave 1 (21.0%) to Wave 3 (26.0%, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.17–1.60, P = 0.001) and from Wave 2 (21.9%) to Wave 3 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.11–1.51, P < 0.001). The cross-lagged generalized linear mixed models revealed that the concurrent and cross-lagged associations of poor sleep quality with anxiety symptoms across the three waves were significant (P < 0.05) and vice versa. Only a marginally significant positive cross-lagged association between poor sleep quality at Wave 2 and depressive symptoms at Wave 3 was found (standardized β estimate = 0.044, SE = 0.022, P = 0.045). Sleep quality was adversely affected during COVID-19, and the bidirectional associations of poor sleep quality with anxiety symptoms could not be neglected.


Author(s):  
Qiao Jing Lin ◽  
Jing Mei Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Chen ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Li Jun Fang ◽  
...  

Abstract MoS2, a typical two-dimensional transition metal sulfide nanomaterial, has attracted much attention for supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high theoretical capacity. Herein, MoS2 nanosheets growing on a hierarchical porous carbon (HPGC) derived from pomelo peel are prepared via hydrothermal method. The curled MoS2 nanosheets uniformly grow and distribute on the conductive hierarchical porous carbon matrix, which made the electrodes materials possess a high specific surface area (320.2 m2/g). Simultaneously, the novel structure enhances the conductivity of MoS2, alleviates capacity attenuation and guarantees the interface stability. Furthermore, the MoS2/HPGC show a great enhancement in supercapacitor performance and deliver a remarkable specific capacitance of 411.4 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g. The initial capacitance retention rate is approximately 94.3% after 2000 cycles. It turns out that the synergistic effects between the MoS2 nanosheets and HPGC contribute to high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle life. This work provides a new idea for the design and development of MoS2 composites as the electrode materials of supercapacitors.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia García-Dorta ◽  
Paola León-Suarez ◽  
Sonia Peña ◽  
Marta Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
...  

Background: Secukinumab has been shown effective for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondylarthritis (AxSpA) in randomized trials. The aim of this study was to analyze baseline patient and disease characteristics associated with a better retention rate of secukinumab under real-world conditions.Patients and Methods: Real-life, prospective multicenter observational study involving 138 patients, 61 PsA and 77 AxSpA, who were analyzed at baseline, 6, 12 months and subsequently every year after starting secukinumab regardless of the line of treatment. Demographics and disease characteristics, measures of activity, secukinumab use, and adverse events were collected. Drug survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and factors associated with discontinuation were evaluated using Cox regression. The machine-learning J48 decision tree classifier was also applied.Results: During the 1st year of treatment, 75% of patients persisted with secukinumab, but accrued 71% (n = 32) in total losses (n = 45). The backward stepwise (Wald) method selected diagnosis, obesity, and gender as relevant variables, the latter when analyzing the interactions. At 1 year of follow-up, the Cox model showed the best retention rate in the groups of AxSpa women (95%, 95% CI 93–97%) and PsA men (89%, 95% CI 84–93%), with the worst retention in PsA women (66%, 95% CI 54–79%). The J48 predicted secukinumab retention with an accuracy of 77.2%. No unexpected safety issues were observed.Conclusions: Secukinumab shows the best retention rate at 1 year of treatment in AxSpA women and in PsA men, independently of factors such as the time of disease evolution, the line of treatment or the initial dose of the drug.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Ni Suo ◽  
Guifeng Zhang

For fuel cells, to produce high-quality and low-platinum catalyst is a pressing technical problem. In this study, graphene cathode catalysts with controllable platinum content were decorated by pyrolyzing chloroplatinic acid under various process parameters to obtain a high catalytic activity and durability. The results show that platinum particles generated by pyrolyzing chloroplatinic acid are uniformly loaded on graphene without agglomeration. The average particle size of platinum particles is about 2.12 nm. The oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity of catalyst samples first increases, then decreases with increasing platinum loading in cyclic voltammetry and LSV. Compared with the commercial Pt/C (20 wt% Pt) catalyst, the initial potential and the current density retention rate of the catalyst decorated with 8% platinum are 55 mV and 23.7% higher, respectively. From i-t curves, it was found that the stability of the catalyst prepared in this paper was improved compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The catalysts prepared in the present research exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability.


Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Laura C. Hopkins ◽  
Christopher Holloman ◽  
Alison Webster ◽  
Allison N. Labyk ◽  
Christine Penicka ◽  
...  

Individuals from racial minority backgrounds, especially those with low income, are at increased risk for obesity. Family meals positively impact child nutritional health; however, there is limited evidence examining the impact on caregivers, particularly racial minority and income-restricted individuals. The objective of this intervention study was to determine the effect of Simple Suppers, a 10 week family meals program, on caregiver diet and nutrition outcomes. Intervention versus waitlist control participants were compared from baseline (T0) to post-intervention (T1). In addition, intervention participants were assessed at a 10 week follow-up time point (T2). This study was a two-group quasi-experimental intervention trial. Lessons (10 total) were delivered on a weekly basis for 90 min. Data were collected from intervention and waitlist control participants at T0 and T1, and intervention participants at T2. After baseline (T0) data collection, families enrolled in the immediate upcoming session of Simple Suppers (intervention group) or waited for 10 weeks (waitlist control group) to begin the program. Participants were caregivers of children ages 4–10 years. This study was conducted in a faith-based community center for underserved families in Columbus, Ohio. Primary outcomes were: diet quality assessed by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) total and component scores, and total energy intake (kcal/day); body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (mmHG); and self-efficacy for having healthy meals and menu planning (both scalar). The impact of the intervention (T0:T1) was assessed using generalized mixed-effects linear regression models. Maintenance of change in study outcomes among intervention participants (T1:T2) was examined with paired t-tests. 109 caregivers enrolled in this study. The retention rate at T1 was 90% (i.e., 98 participants). 56 of 68 intervention participants completed T2, resulting in a retention rate of 82%. Almost all (99%) were female, 61% were Black, and 50% were between 31 and 40 years old. In total, 40% had low income and 37% had low or very low food security. At T1, intervention vs. waitlist controls had a lower daily energy intake (p = 0.04), but an HEI-2010 component score for fatty acids (adequacy) that was lower indicating a lower dietary intake of fatty acids (p = 0.02), and a component score for empty calories (moderation) that was significantly lower indicating a higher intake of empty calorie foods (p = 0.03). At T1, intervention vs. waitlist controls also had a lower BMI (p < 0.001) and systolic BP (p = 0.04), and higher self-efficacy (p = 0.03). There were no group differences in other outcomes. At T2, intervention participants maintained the changes in daily energy intake, BMI, systolic BP, and self-efficacy that improved during the intervention period. There was no change (improvement) in the component score for fatty acids; however, the component score for empty calories significantly improved (p = 0.02). Engagement in the Simple Suppers program led to improvements in caregivers’ daily caloric intake, weight status, systolic blood pressure, and self-efficacy for family meals. Future research should further explore the dietary and nutritional health benefits of family meals among caregivers at the highest risk for obesity.


Author(s):  
Liting Feng ◽  
Yulong Dong

A social activity that uses certain ideas, concepts, political views, and moral values in a society or social group enriches students’ ideology and allows learners to form ideological and moral qualities that correspond to their social and political establishment. The continuous improvement of their complete quality and technical skills is at the heart of social and economic growth. In ideological and political education, risk factors are widely influenced, including the impact of educational purposes and education providers. In this paper, Deep Learning-Based Innovation Path Optimization Methodology (DL-IPOM) has been proposed to strengthen data awareness, improve the way of thinking in ideological and political education. The political instructional collaborative analysis is integrated with DL-IPOM to boost Ideological and political education excellence. The simulation analysis is conducted at (98.22%). The consistency of the proposed framework is demonstrated by efficiency, high accuracy (98.34%), overshoot index rate (94.2%), political thinking rate (93.6%), knowledge retention rate (80.2%), reliability rate (97.6%), performance (94.37%) when compared to other methods.


Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Juanming Wei ◽  
Wenfeng Jia ◽  
Luo Zuo ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Yujun Feng

Water-soluble polymers as drag reducers have been widely utilized in slick-water for fracturing shale oil and gas reservoirs. However, the low viscosity characteristics, high operating costs, and freshwater consumption of conventional friction reducers limit their practical use in deeper oil and gas reservoirs. Therefore, a high viscosity water-soluble friction reducer (HVFR), poly-(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid), was synthesized via free radical polymerization in aqueous solution. The molecular weight, solubility, rheological behavior, and drag reduction performance of HVFR were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the viscosity-average molecular weight of HVFR is 23.2 × 106 g⋅mol−1. The HVFR powder could be quickly dissolved in water within 240 s under 700 rpm. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as well as viscosity of the solutions increased with an increase in polymer concentration. At a concentration of 1700 mg⋅L−1, HVFR solution shows 67% viscosity retention rate after heating from 30 to 90 °C, and the viscosity retention rate of HVFR solution when increasing CNaCl to 21,000 mg⋅L−1 is 66%. HVFR exhibits significant drag reduction performance for both low viscosity and high viscosity. A maximum drag reduction of 80.2% is attained from HVFR at 400 mg⋅L−1 with 5.0 mPa⋅s, and drag reduction of HVFR is 75.1% at 1700 mg⋅L−1 with 30.2 mPa⋅s. These findings not only indicate the prospective use of HVFR in slick-water hydrofracking, but also shed light on the design of novel friction reducers utilized in the oil and gas industry.


2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanit Arunratanothai ◽  
Ravisorn Booncharoen ◽  
Sirapop Suwankomolkul ◽  
Nareudee Limpuangthip

Abstract Background Thailand has encountered an imbalanced dentist distribution and an internal brain drain of dentists from public to private health care facilities. To tackle these challenges, the compulsory service (CS) program, which has been initially implemented for physicians, was extended for dentists. Method This policy and workforce document review describes the background, development, and policy implementation of the CS program in Thailand during the past three decades. Outcomes after policy implementation and future directions are also discussed. The information was gathered from the relevant policy and workforce documents available from 1961 to 2021. Results In Thailand, junior dentists, specifically newly graduates, have to enroll in the CS program by working as oral health practitioners in public hospitals for at least 3 years. Dentists must pay a maximum fine of 400 000 baht (~ 12 571 USD) if they wish to skip the program. This fine is lowered according to the number of attending years in the program. CS program conditions are related to each university’s admission track. The CS enrolled dentists receive several financial and non-financial benefits, including educational, employment-related, and living provisions. Altogether, successive Thai governments have launched directive policies to increase dentist distribution in rural areas and their retention in public hospitals. These policies have been implemented in 3 stages: (1) increase production of new dentists, (2) allocation of newly dental graduates to public hospitals, and (3) provide benefits for working in public hospitals. Conclusion During the past three decades, several public policies have been implemented to improve dentist retention and distribution to public hospitals across Thailand, particularly in rural areas. The present CS program may not completely resolve the oral health inequalities because the dentist retention rate in public hospitals depends on multi-dimensional considerations. Further modifications on the CS program and future well-planned policies are needed.


Geofluids ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
Songyan Li ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad

To improve the thermal effects of solvents on heavy oil reservoirs and realize the combined action of multiple flooding mechanisms, such as solvent heating and extraction, without steam mixing, based on the M Block heavy oil reservoir in Canada, three sets of comparative hot solvent-assisted gravity drainage experiments under different temperatures and pressures were carried out through an indoor three-dimensional (3D) physical simulation device. The development characteristics of the solvent chamber in the hot solvent-assisted gravity drainage technology were studied under different pressures and temperatures, and the recovery factor, cumulative oil exchange rate, and solvent retention rate were analyzed. The results showed that due to the effect of gravity differentiation, the development morphology of the solvent chamber could be divided into three stages: rapid ascent, lateral expansion, and slow descent. When the temperature was constant, the reservoir pressure decreased, the recovery rate increased, the cumulative oil exchange rate increased, and the solvent retention rate decreased; when the pressure was constant, the temperature increased, the viscosity of heavy oil decreased, the recovery rate increased, the cumulative oil exchange rate increased, and the solvent retention rate was low. Additionally, the study also showed that for hot solvents in different phases, the use of hot solvent vapor not only required less injected solvent but also exhibited a high oil production rate, which shortened production time and reduced energy consumption. Moreover, the oil recovery rate was higher than 60%, the solvent retention rate was lower than 10%, and the cumulative oil exchange rate was higher than 3  t / t , which constituted better economic benefits and provided a reliable theoretical basis for onsite oilfield applications.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Costa ◽  
Dora Janela ◽  
Maria Molinos ◽  
Jorge Lains ◽  
Gerard E. Francisco ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Acute musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is very common and associated with impaired productivity and high economic burden. Access to timely and personalized, evidence-based care is key to improve outcomes while reducing healthcare expenditure. Digital interventions can facilitate access and ensure care scalability. Objective Present the feasibility and results of a fully remote digital care program (DCP) for acute MSK conditions affecting several body areas. Methods Interventional single-arm study of individuals applying for digital care programs for acute MSK pain. Primary outcome was the mean change between baseline and end-of-program in self-reported Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) score and secondary outcomes were change in analgesic consumption, intention to undergo surgery, anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ-PA), work productivity (WPAI-GH) and engagement. Results Three hundred forty-three patients started the program, of which 300 (87.5%) completed the program. Latent growth curve analysis (LGCA) revealed that changes in NPRS between baseline and end-of-program were both statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically significant: 64.3% reduction (mean − 2.9 points). Marked improvements were also noted in all secondary outcomes: 82% reduction in medication intake, 63% reduction in surgery intent, 40% in fear-avoidance beliefs, 54% in anxiety, 58% in depression and 79% recovery in overall productivity. All outcomes had steeper improvements in the first 4 weeks, which paralleled higher engagement in this period (3.6 vs 3.2 overall weekly sessions, p < 0.001). Mean patient satisfaction score was 8.7/10 (SD 1.26). Strengths and limitations This is the first longitudinal study demonstrating the feasibility of a DCP for patients with acute MSK conditions involving several body areas. Major strengths of this study are the large sample size, the wide range of MSK conditions studied, the breadth of outcomes measured, and the very high retention rate and adherence level. The major limitation regards to the absence of a control group. Conclusions We observed very high completion and engagement rates, as well as clinically relevant changes in all health-related outcomes and productivity recovery. We believe this DCP holds great potential in the delivery of effective and scalable MSK care. Trial registration NCT, NCT04092946. Registered 17/09/2019;


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