Effect of Ammonium Intoxication on Metabolism of ß Hydroxybutyrate

During a constant infusion of sodium d,l ß hydroxybutyrate there is a fall in blood glucose. There is, however, a marked rise in blood glucose when ammonium carbonate is injected during the infusion of ß hydroxybutyrate. Except for a decrease in hepatic vein ß hydroxybutyrate and a rise in hepatic vein acetoacetate, there is no marked disturbance of peripheral ketone metabolism. These observations suggest that glucose participates in ketone metabolism at the level of the citric acid cycle.

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Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.16019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 410 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kanu Shil ◽

Sudipta Pal

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Electron Transport ◽

Free Amino ◽

Citric Acid Cycle ◽

Oxidoreductase Activity ◽

Acid Cycle ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Chromium Exposure ◽

Dose Dependent

Objective: This study was conducted to observe the dose-dependent effect of Cr (VI) on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in mice with four different doses, viz., 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively, for 30 days of exposure.Methods: Blood glucose, glycogen content, and pyruvic acid of liver tissue were determined to evaluate the glycolytic activity. Enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were measured to determine the tricarboxylic acid cycle function. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was estimated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative phosphorylation pathway with dose-dependent chromium exposure. Total protein, free amino acid nitrogen, and transaminase enzyme activity were also measured.Results: Chromium exposure caused marked depletion of blood glucose and liver glycogen contents in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of IDH, succinate dehydrogenase, and MDH were significantly altered in a dose-specific manner by chromium exposure. Relevant exhaustion of glycolytic substrates was noted in the form of reduced pyruvate content in hepatocytes following chromium exposure. In addition, the treatment caused elevation of free amino nitrogen associated with depletion of total protein content and elevated transaminase enzyme activities in hepatocytes. Significant alteration of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was also noted.Conclusion: By analyzing the observed results, it can be suggested that Cr (VI) exerts hypoglycemic and glycogenolytic effects associated with alteration of citric acid cycle and electron transport pathways in hepatocytes in a dose-specific manner thus resulting in serious alteration in the carbohydrate bioenergetics and mitochondrial energy generation in hepatic cells.Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, Hypoglycemia, Glycogenolysis, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain.

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EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON DEHYDROGENASES OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE IN THE OVARY OF THE RAT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0420480 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 480-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Eckstein ◽

R. Landsberg

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Citric Acid Cycle ◽

Age Groups ◽

Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽

Immature Rat ◽

Acid Cycle ◽

Immature Rats ◽

Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT The succinic, malic and isocitric dehydrogenases in the ovary of immature and mature, normal and serum gonadotrophin injected rats were examined. The Qo2 of these enzymes were markedly enhanced in the gonadotrophin injected rats of both age groups, except in the case of succinic dehydrogenase in the ovary of the immature rats, where a slight non-significant decrease was noted. It is concluded that in the mature rat ovary, gonadotrophin administration stimulates the activity of all the examined dehydrogenases of the citric acid cycle, whereas in the immature rat ovary, at least the isocitric- and malic dehydrogenases are thus stimulated.

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