scholarly journals Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanu Shil ◽  
Sudipta Pal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Chromium Exposure ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: This study was conducted to observe the dose-dependent effect of Cr (VI) on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in mice with four different doses, viz., 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively, for 30 days of exposure.Methods: Blood glucose, glycogen content, and pyruvic acid of liver tissue were determined to evaluate the glycolytic activity. Enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were measured to determine the tricarboxylic acid cycle function. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was estimated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative phosphorylation pathway with dose-dependent chromium exposure. Total protein, free amino acid nitrogen, and transaminase enzyme activity were also measured.Results: Chromium exposure caused marked depletion of blood glucose and liver glycogen contents in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of IDH, succinate dehydrogenase, and MDH were significantly altered in a dose-specific manner by chromium exposure. Relevant exhaustion of glycolytic substrates was noted in the form of reduced pyruvate content in hepatocytes following chromium exposure. In addition, the treatment caused elevation of free amino nitrogen associated with depletion of total protein content and elevated transaminase enzyme activities in hepatocytes. Significant alteration of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was also noted.Conclusion: By analyzing the observed results, it can be suggested that Cr (VI) exerts hypoglycemic and glycogenolytic effects associated with alteration of citric acid cycle and electron transport pathways in hepatocytes in a dose-specific manner thus resulting in serious alteration in the carbohydrate bioenergetics and mitochondrial energy generation in hepatic cells.Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, Hypoglycemia, Glycogenolysis, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain. 

Effect of Ammonium Intoxication on Metabolism of ß Hydroxybutyrate

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Edgar M. Neptune
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Ammonium Intoxication

During a constant infusion of sodium d,l ß hydroxybutyrate there is a fall in blood glucose. There is, however, a marked rise in blood glucose when ammonium carbonate is injected during the infusion of ß hydroxybutyrate. Except for a decrease in hepatic vein ß hydroxybutyrate and a rise in hepatic vein acetoacetate, there is no marked disturbance of peripheral ketone metabolism. These observations suggest that glucose participates in ketone metabolism at the level of the citric acid cycle.

Defects in citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain in progressive poliodystrophy

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. M. Gabreëls ◽  
M. J. J. Prick ◽  
J. M. F. Trijbels ◽  
W. O. Renier ◽  
H. H. J. Jaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Transport Chain

scholarly journals Nutrient-related metabolite profiles explain differences in body composition and size in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from different lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuma Negisho Bayissa ◽  
Michelle Geerardyn ◽  
Donna Vanhauteghem ◽  
Mulugeta Wakjira ◽  
Geert Paul Jules Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Fat Composition

AbstractThis study investigated how metabolite analysis can explain differences in tissue composition and size in fish from different habitats. We, therefore, studied Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from three Ethiopian lakes (Gilgel Gibe, Ziway, and Langano) using dried bloodspot (DBS) analysis of carnitine esters and free amino acids. A total of sixty (N = 60) Nile tilapia samples were collected comprising twenty (n = 20) fish from each lake. The proximate composition of the targeted tissues (muscle, skin, gill, gut, and liver) were analyzed. The DBS samples were analyzed for acylcarnitine and free amino acid profiles using quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolite ratios were calculated from relevant biochemical pathways that could identify relative changes in nutrient metabolism. The mean weight of Nile tilapia sampled from each lake showed weight variation among the lakes, fish from Lake Ziway were largest (178 g), followed by Gilgel Gibe reservoir (134 g) and Lake Langano (118 g). Fish from Gilgel Gibe showed significantly higher fat composition in all tissues (P < 0.05) except the liver in which no significant variation was observed. The source of fish affected the tissue fat composition. Marked differences were observed in Nile tilapia metabolic activity between the lakes. For instance, the lower body weight and condition of the fish in Lake Langano coincided with several metabolite ratios pointing to a low flow of glucogenic substrate to the citric acid cycle. The low propionyl to acetylcarnitine ratio (C3:C2) in Gilgel Gibe fish is indicating that more of the available acetyl CoA is not led into the citric acid cycle, but instead will be used for fat synthesis. The metabolic markers for lipogenesis and metabolic rate could explain the high-fat concentration in several parts of the body composition of fish from Gilgel Gibe. Our results show that nutrition-related blood metabolite ratios are useful to understand the underlying metabolic events leading to the habitat-dependent differences in the growth of Nile tilapia, and by extension, other species.

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