Interrelationship of Plasma Cholate and Phospholipid Concentrations and Their Resultant Effect on Plasma Cholesterol in Biliary Obstruction

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer Friedman ◽  
Sanford Byers
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio ◽  
Resultant Effect ◽  
Normal Rat

Elevation of plasma cholate (by intravenous injection of sodium cholate) in both the normal rat and the rat with biliary obstruction was found to lead to an elevation of plasma phospholipid and cholesterol. Experimental elevation of plasma phospholipid (also by injection), however, while leading to an elevation of plasma cholesterol did not elevate the plasma cholate in either the normal or obstructed rat. Furthermore, comparison of the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio obtained in rats by infusion of phosphatide with those observed in rats with biliary obstruction suggests that the plasma phospholipid elevation occurring spontaneously in these latter rats induced the hypercholesteremia observed. In view of these observations, it is suggested the elevation of plasma bile acid occurring in biliary obstruction effects its hypercholesteremic effect by first leading to the elevation of plasma phospholipid. The latter in turn leads to the hypercholesteremia observed.

scholarly journals Strain-specific response to hypercholesterolaemic diets in the rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bottger ◽  
M. den Bieman ◽  
Æ. Lankhorst ◽  
H.A. van Lith ◽  
L.F.M. van Zutphen
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The cholesterolaemic effect of 2 hypercholesterolaemic diets was tested in 12 rat inbred strains. Diet I is a commercial diet supplemented with 2.0% (w/w) cholesterol and 5.0% (w/w) olive oil, diet II is identical to diet I with addition of 0.5% (w/w) sodium cholate. Strains with the highest plasma cholesterol response after diet I (BN and LEW) also had the highest cholesterol response after diet II (hyperresponders, mean response>3.5 mmol/l). In the strains DA, SHR, BC, WAC, LOU, PVG and BUF the strain mean cholesterol response remained below 1.3mmol/l after both diets (hyporesponders). Strains F344 and OM had an intermediate cholesterol response after both diets (normoresponders, mean response between 1.3 and 3.5 mmol/l). Only in the strains LOU, PVG and SHR there appeared to be a significant higher cholesterol response after diet II when compared with the cholesterol response after diet I. In the strain WKY this difference was of a borderline significance ( P=0.052) and this strain turned from a normoresponder after diet I into a hyperresponder after diet II. Liver cholesterol levels as measured after feeding diet II for two weeks also appeared to be strain-specific. No correlation was found between the plasma cholesterol response after diet II and the liver cholesterol levels. Changes in plasma phospholipid and triglyceride levels have been measured for both diet I and diet II. For group means a correlation between the cholesterol response and the change in phospholipid levels was found (r=0.86 for diet I, P<0.001 and r=0.76 for diet II, P<0.01). No such correlation was found for triglyceride levels.

scholarly journals A mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sidhu ◽  
D. G. Oakenfull
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Sodium Cholate ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

1. Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides which occur in a number of important food plants, including such staples as soya beans (Glycine max) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinurn). They are known to be hypocholesterolaemic.2. Some saponins form an insoluble complex with cholesterol which prevents its absorption from the small intestine. Others cause an increase in the faecal excretion of bile acids, an indirect route for elimination of cholesterol.3. We have investigated the effects of different saponins on absorption of the bile salt sodium cholate from perfused loops of small intestine, in vivo, in the rat. Purified saponins from soapwort (Suponaria Officinalis), soya beans and quillaia (Quillata suponaria) reduced the rate of absorption of the bile salt; soya-bean and soapwort saponins substantially so but quillaia saponin to a much lesser extent.4. These results were explained by the formation of large mixed micelles by bile acid and saponin molecules in aqueous solution. These aggregates can have molecular weights in excess of 106 daltons, consequently the bile acid molecules incorporated in them are not available for absorption.5. Control of plasma cholesterol and nutrient absorption through dietary saponins could provide substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans.

scholarly journals Plasma cholesterol lowering action of bile acid binding polymers in experimental animals

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
DavidM. Tennent ◽  
Henry Siegel ◽  
MaryE. Zanetti ◽  
GuntherW. Kuron ◽  
WaltherH. Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Bile Acid Binding

The Distribution of [14C]Cholesterol in Muscle and Skin of Rhesus Monkeys after Intravenous Injection

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
C. D. Moutafis ◽  
N. B. Myant
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Compartment System ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
Slow Turnover

1. The specific radioactivity of [14C]cholesterol in plasma and in serial biopsies of muscle and skin was measured in Rhesus monkeys for 156 days after a single intravenous injection of [14C]cholesterol. 2. Analysis of the specific radioactivity—time curves in terms of a two-compartment system indicated that all the cholesterol of muscle is exchangeable with the plasma cholesterol and that local synthesis does not contribute significantly to the cholesterol in muscle. 3. Analysis of the curve for specific radioactivity of skin cholesterol suggested the presence of a small pool of cholesterol with slow turnover. A contribution to skin cholesterol from local synthesis could not be excluded.

scholarly journals Plasma Cholesterol and Bile Acid Abnormalities in Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBLP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Hirosumi KANEKO ◽  
Kohya SATO ◽  
Takashi HASHIMOTO ◽  
Yoshisuke MARUHAMA
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia

scholarly journals Effect of chronic renal failure on the hepatic, intestinal, and renal expression of bile acid transporters

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. F130-F137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Gai ◽  
Lei Chu ◽  
Christian Hiller ◽  
Denis Arsenijevic ◽  
Carlos A. Penno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Protein Levels

Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in bile acid (BA) excretion, chronic renal failure (CRF) has been reported to be associated with increased serum bile acid levels and alterations in BA homeostasis. The mechanisms for elevated BA levels are poorly understood in both clinical and experimental studies. This study was designed to examine the effects of naturally progressing CRF of longer duration on the hepatic and renal mRNA and protein levels of the BA-synthesizing enzyme Cyp7a1 and the BA transporters Ntcp, Bsep, Mrp3, Ost-α, and Ost-β. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the CRF group (⅚ nephrectomy) or to the sham-operated control group and were analyzed 8 wk after surgery. Results obtained in the CRF rats were compared with those obtained in rats that had undergone uninephrectomy (UNX). The CRF group exhibited significantly increased plasma cholesterol and BA concentrations. Hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA and protein levels were almost identical in the two groups. Hepatic Mrp3, Ost-α, and Ost-β expression was increased, suggesting increased basolateral efflux of bile acids into the blood. However, no such changes in BA transporter expression were observed in the remnant kidney. In UNX rats, similar changes in plasma BA levels and in the expression of BA transporters were found. We hypothesize that the increase in plasma BA is an early event in the progression of CRF and is caused by increased efflux across the basolateral hepatocyte membrane.

scholarly journals Dietary rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) stalk fibre stimulates cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene expression and bile acid excretion in cholesterol-fed C57BL/6J mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinti Goel ◽  
Sukhinder K. Cheema ◽  
Luis B. Agellon ◽  
Buncha Ooraikul ◽  
Tapan K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Content ◽  
Rheum Rhaponticum ◽  
Increased Activity

Both experimental and clinical studies have indicated that a novel source of dietary fibre, produced from rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) stalks, is potentially hypolipidaemic. The present study, using C57BL/6J mice, was undertaken to examine if this fibre source affects cholesterol degradation. Mice were maintained on semi-purified diets containing 50 g rhubarb fibre or cellulose/kg with or without 5 g cholesterol/kg for 4 weeks. In cholesterol-supplemented mice, rhubarb fibre caused significant lowering of plasma cholesterol (-13 %) and the hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol (-34 %) and cholesteryl esters (-34 %). In parallel to the reduction of hepatic cholesteryl ester content, animals fed on rhubarb fibre had significantly lower activity of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) than the mice maintained on a diet containing cellulose and cholesterol. Rhubarb-fibre feeding accelerated the faecal bile-acid loss and diminished the gall-bladder bile-acid pool in both the normal and the cholesterol-fed mice. The increase in the bile-acid excretion was positively correlated with an increased activity as well as mRNA abundance of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17). The increased excretion of bile acids and induction of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity may account for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of rhubarb fibre.

INFLUENCE OF Aspergillus oryzae FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL ON PLASMA CHOLESTEROL AND BILE ACID LEVELS IN HYBRID TILAPIA AND POMPANO FISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Hung Nguyen Phuc ◽  
Anh Nguyen Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Initial Body Weight

Fermentation has been suggested as an economical and effective method to eliminate anti-nutritional factors and improve the nutritional value of Defatted soybean meal (SBM). The present study aimed to examine the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermented SBM (FSBM) on plasma cholesterol and bile acid levels in hybrid tilapia and pompano. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets for each fish species were formulated with SBM and FSBM as main ingredients. The diets were denoted as SBMD (SBM-based diet) and FSBMD (FSBM-based diet). Thirty juvenile hybrid tilapia (initial body weight 55 g) and eighteen juvenile pompanos (initial body weight 61 g) were allocated to each of the 4 concrete tanks (1500-L holding capacity) and each of the 4 circular polyvinyl chloride tanks (500-L holding capacity), respectively, resulting in two replicate tanks per dietary treatment for each fish species. For 4 weeks, the fish were handfed the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice daily. The results showed that feeding FSBMD tended to increase plasma total cholesterol level, gallbladdersomatic index, anterior intestinal total bile acid level, and posterior\anterior intestinal total bile acid reduction rate compared to SBMD in both hybrid tilapia and pompano. The differences in these parameters between FSBMD and SBMD dietary groups were significant in hybrid tilapia (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found between pompano fed FSBMD and SBMD. These results indicated that fermentation of SBM with A. oryzae could effectively improve physiological conditions of hybrid tilapia fed soybean proteinbased diet and suggested that inclusion of A. oryzae FSBM might enhance growth and feed performances of the fish.

Bile acid secretion following release of biliary obstruction

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uhyong Hyon ◽  
Masaru Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion
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