Seasonal changes in avian blood pressure related to age, sex, diet, confinement, and breed

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold S. Weiss ◽  
Hans Fisher ◽  
Paul Giminger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Avian Blood ◽  
Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure

Systolic arterial blood pressure was measured four times on 219 "outdoor" adult chickens at 6-month intervals which coincided with midwinter and midsummer. Both sexes, seven diets, three types of confinement, and several breeds, strains, and ages were represented. Marked and reproducible seasonal changes in systolic pressure were observed (higher in winter, lower in summer) in essentially every group and subgroup including animals in which huddling was possible and in a selected hypertensive line. Allowance for seasonal changes permitted the following evaluation of the change of pressure with age: 12 mm Hg or 6%/year in the male, 13 mm Hg or 9%/year in the female. The observed seasonal changes were as follows: a) uncorrected for age: 10% decrease from winter to summer, 20% increase from summer to winter, both sexes; b) corrected for age: male, 29 mm Hg, and female, 22 mm Hg change, either season, or a 15% change, both sexes, either season. The average monthly environmental temperature ranged between 1.6 and 21.1 C, and within these limits, the change in systolic pressure/degree Centigrade (age corrected) was 1.6 mm Hg in the male and 1.2 mm Hg in the female.

Comparison of simultaneous measurement of mouse systolic arterial blood pressure by radiotelemetry and tail-cuff methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. H2408-H2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Whitesall ◽  
Janet B. Hoff ◽  
Alan P. Vollmer ◽  
Louis G. D'Alecy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Mouse Blood ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Tail Cuff

Radiotelemetry of mouse blood pressure accurately monitors systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity but requires surgical implantation. Noninvasive measurements of indirect systolic blood pressure have long been available for larger rodents and now are being reported more frequently for mice. This study compared mouse systolic arterial blood pressure measurements using implanted radiotelemetry pressure transducer with simultaneous tail-cuff measurements in the same unanesthetized mice. The pressure range for comparison was extended by inducing experimental hypertension or by observations of circadian elevations between 3 AM and 6 AM. Both trained and untrained tail-cuff operators used both instruments. Every effort was made to follow recommended manufacturer's instructions. With the initial flow-based tail-cuff instrument, we made 671 comparisons (89 sessions) and found the slope of the linear regression to be 0.118, suggesting poor agreement. In an independent assessment, 277 comparisons (35 sessions) of radiotelemetry measurements with the pulse based tail-cuff instrument were made. The slope of the linear regression of the simultaneous measurements of systolic pressures was 0.98, suggesting agreement. Bland-Altman analysis also supported our interpretation of the linear regression. Thus although reliable systolic pressure measurements are possible with either tail-cuff or radiotelemetry techniques, in our hands some tail-cuff instruments fail to accurately detect elevated blood pressures. These data, however, do not distinguish whether this instrument-specific tail-cuff failure was due to operator or instrument inadequacies. We strongly advise investigators to obtain an independent and simultaneous validation of tail-cuff determinations of mouse blood pressure before making critical genotyping determinations.

scholarly journals A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE MOUSE

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Relative Transparency ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Advantage has been taken of the relative transparency of the claw of the mouse to devise a method, here described, to measure the blood pressure in the animal's leg. Direct measurements of the systolic blood pressure from the carotid arteries of anesthetized mice have also been made. Simultaneous blood pressure readings by both these methods applied to the same animal showed close agreement. The systolic pressure ranged from 60 to 126 mm. Hg, according to the conditions.

Terlipressin Versus  Norepinephrine to Correct Refractory Arterial Hypotension after General Anesthesia in Patients Chronically Treated with Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Boccara ◽  
Alexandre Ouattara ◽  
Gilles Godet ◽  
Eric Dufresne ◽  
Michèle Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Arterial Hypotension ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure

Background Terlipressin, a precursor that is metabolized to lysine-vasopressin, has been proposed as a drug for treatment of intraoperative arterial hypotension refractory to ephedrine in patients who have received long-term treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. The authors compared the effectiveness of terlipressin and norepinephrine to correct hypotension in these patients. Methods Among 42 patients scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy, 20 had arterial hypotension following general anesthesia that was refractory to ephedrine. These patients were the basis of the study. After randomization, they received either 1 mg intravenous terlipressin (n = 10) or norepinephrine infusion (n = 10). Beat-by-beat recordings of systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were stored on a computer. The intraoperative maximum and minimum values of blood pressure and heart rate, and the time spent with systolic arterial blood pressure below 90 mmHg and above 160 mmHg, were used as indices of hemodynamic stability. Data are expressed as median (95% confidence interval). Results Terlipressin and norepinephrine corrected arterial hypotension in all cases. However, time spent with systolic arterial blood pressure below 90 mmHg was less in the terlipressin group (0 s [0-120 s] vs. 510 s [120-1011 s]; P < 0.001). Nonresponse to treatment (defined as three boluses of terlipressin or three changes in norepinephrine infusion) occurred in zero and eight cases (P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions In patients who received long-term treatment with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, intraoperative refractory arterial hypotension was corrected with both terlipressin and norepinephrine. However, terlipressin was more rapidly effective for maintaining normal systolic arterial blood pressure during general anesthesia.

Detection of Seizure Activity in the Paralyzed Neonate Using Continuous Monitoring

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-586
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Goldberg ◽  
Steven L. Goldman ◽  
R. Eugene Ramsay ◽  
Rosalyn Feller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure

In experimental animals neurologic damage may occur during seizure activity whether the seizure is accompanied by motor activity and hypoxemia or whether the animal is paralyzed and normoxemic. These findings suggest that it may be important to detect seizure activity in the paralyzed neonate. Nine infants who were mechanically ventilated and paralyzed with pancuronium had their condition diagnosed as seizure activity. Vital signs were continuously monitored and six infants had either oxygen saturation or transcutaneous oxygen measured during seizure activity. For the group as a whole, rhythmic fluctuations in vital signs, cardiac rhythm, and oxygenation occurred every four minutes (range one to seven minutes) and lasted two minutes (range one to four minutes). In seven patients whose seizures were not accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias the following mean increases were noted: systolic arterial blood pressure, 15 mm Hg (range 7 to 36 mm Hg); heart rate, ten beats per minute (-11 to 30/min); oxygen saturation, 12% (range 4% to 20%); and transcutaneous oxygen, 31 mm Hg (range 14 to 45 mm Hg). Seizures in the two patients with cardiac arrhythmias were accompanied by a decrease in systolic arterial blood pressure of 27 mm Hg (range 15 to 40 mm Hg) and in oxygen saturation of 24% (range 20% to 28%). The presence of rhythmic fluctuation in vital signs and oxygenation should alert the physician to the possibility of seizure activity in the paralyzed neonate.

Indirect Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement in Nonsedated Irish Wolfhounds: Reference Values for the Breed

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Bright ◽  
Mariellen Dentino
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood

Arterial blood pressure measurements were obtained from 158 healthy Irish wolfhounds using the oscillometric technique to establish reference values for the breed. In contrast to other sight hounds, Irish wolfhounds have low arterial blood pressure. Mean systolic pressure for the group was 116.0 mm Hg. Mean diastolic pressure was 69.2 mm Hg, and the mean value for mean arterial pressure was 87.8 mm Hg. Blood pressure measurements were higher in older wolfhounds than in young dogs. There was no difference between systolic and mean arterial blood pressures in lateral recumbency compared to standing position. However, diastolic pressure was slightly lower when standing. Calm dogs had lower pressure than anxious wolfhounds. There was a significant interaction between the effects of age, gender, and mood on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Effects of Alpha-Tropomyosin Mutations Associated with Inherited Cardiomyopathies: Multiscale Simulation

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Fyodor Syomin ◽  
Albina Khabibullina ◽  
Anna Osepyan ◽  
Andrey Tsaturyan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Multiscale Simulation ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Volume Relation ◽  
Heart Contractility

The effects of two cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in regulatory sarcomere protein tropomyosin (Tpm) on heart function were studied with a new multiscale model of the cardiovascular system (CVS). They were a Tpm mutation, Ile284Val, associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and an Asp230Asn one associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). When the molecular and cell-level changes in the Ca2+ regulation of cardiac muscle caused by these mutations were introduced into the myocardial model of the left ventricle (LV) while the LV shape remained the same as in the model of the normal heart, the cardiac output and arterial blood pressure reduced. Simulations of LV hypertrophy in the case of the Ile284Val mutation and LV dilatation in the case of the Asp230Asn mutation demonstrated that the LV remodeling partially recovered the stroke volume and arterial blood pressure, confirming that both hypertrophy and dilatation help to preserve the LV function. The possible effects of changes in passive myocardial stiffness in the model according to data reported for HCM and DCM hearts were also simulated. The results of the simulations showed that the end-systolic pressure–volume relation that is often used to characterize heart contractility strongly depends on heart geometry and cannot be used as a characteristic of myocardial contractility.

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