Mechanism for the posture-specific plasma volume increase after a single intense exercise protocol

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Gary W. Mack ◽  
Andrew Haskell ◽  
Takeshi Nishiyasu ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Exercise Induced

To test the hypothesis that exercise-induced hypervolemia is a posture-dependent process, we measured plasma volume, plasma albumin content, and renal function in seven healthy subjects for 22 h after single upright (Up) or supine (Sup) intense (85% peak oxygen consumption rate) exercise. This posture was maintained for 5 h after exercise. Plasma volume decreased during exercise but returned to control levels by 5 h of recovery in both postures. By 22 h of recovery, plasma volume increased 2.4 ± 0.8 ml/kg in Up but decreased 2.1 ± 0.8 ml/kg in Sup. The plasma volume expansion in Up was accompanied by an increase in plasma albumin content (0.11 ± 0.04 g/kg; P < 0.05). Plasma albumin content was unchanged in Sup. Urine volume and sodium clearance were lower in Up than Sup ( P < 0.05) by 5 h of recovery. These data suggest that increased plasma albumin content contributes to the acute phase of exercise-induced hypervolemia. More importantly, the mechanism by which exercise influences the distribution of albumin between extra- and intravascular stores after exercise is altered by posture and is unknown. We speculate that factors associated with postural changes (e.g., central venous pressure) modify the increase in plasma albumin content and the plasma volume expansion after exercise.

scholarly journals Increased susceptibility of db/db mice to rosiglitazone-induced plasma volume expansion: role of dysregulation of renal water transporters

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. F1491-F1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhanjun Jia ◽  
Kevin T. Yang ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype-γ (PPARγ), agonists are highly effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the side effect of fluid retention has significantly limited their application. Most of the previous studies addressing TZD-induced fluid retention employed healthy animals. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is still incompletely understood, particularly in the setting of disease state. The present study was undertaken to examine rosiglitazone (RGZ)-induced fluid retention in db/db mice and to further investigate the underlying mechanism. In response to RGZ treatment, db/db mice exhibited an accelerated plasma volume expansion as assessed by hematocrit (Hct) and fluorescent nanoparticles, in parallel with a greater increase in body weight, compared with lean controls. In response to RGZ-induced fluid retention, urinary Na+ excretion and urine volume were significantly increased in lean mice. In contrast, the natriuretic and diuretic responses were significantly blunted in db/db mice. RGZ db/db mice exhibited a parallel decrease in plasma Na+ concentration and plasma osmolality, contrasting to unchanged levels in lean controls. Imunoblotting analysis showed downregulation of renal aquaporin (AQP) 2 expression in response to RGZ treatment in lean mice but not in db/db mice. Renal AQP3 protein expression was unaffected by RGZ treatment in lean mice but was elevated in db/db mice. In contrast, the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (NHE3) and NKCC2 was unchanged in either mouse strain. Together these results suggest that compared with the lean controls, db/db mice exhibited accelerated plasma volume expansion that was in part due to the inappropriate response of renal water transporters.

Plasma volume expansion in humans after a single intense exercise protocol

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1914-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Gillen ◽  
R. Lee ◽  
G. W. Mack ◽  
C. M. Tomaselli ◽  
T. Nishiyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Albumin Content

We used intense intermittent exercise to produce a 10% expansion of plasma volume (PV) within 24 h and tested the hypothesis that PV expansion is associated with an increase in plasma albumin content. The protocol consisted of eight 4-min bouts of exercise at 85% maximal O2 uptake with 5-min recovery periods between bouts. PV, plasma concentrations of albumin and total protein (TP), and plasma osmolality were measured before and during exercise and at 1, 2, and 24 h of recovery from exercise. During exercise, PV decreased by 15%, while plasma TP and albumin content remained at control levels. At 1 h of recovery, plasma albumin content was elevated by 0.17 +/- 0.04 g/kg body wt, accounting for the entire increase in plasma TP content. PV returned to control level at 1 h of recovery without fluid intake by the subjects, despite a 820 +/- 120-g reduction in body weight. At 2 h of recovery, plasma TP content remained significantly elevated, and plasma TP and albumin concentration were significantly elevated. At 24 h of recovery, PV was expanded by 4.5 +/- 0.7 ml/kg body wt (10 +/- 1%), estimated from hematocrit and hemoglobin changes, and by 3.8 +/- 1.3 ml/kg body wt (8 +/- 3%), measured by Evans blue dye dilution. Plasma albumin content was increased by 0.19 +/- 0.05 g/kg body wt at 24 h of recovery. If 1 g of albumin holds 18 ml of water, this increase in plasma albumin content can account for a 3.4-ml/kg body wt expansion of the PV. No significant changes in plasma osmolality occurred during recovery, but total plasma osmotic content increased in proportion to PV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Operation Everest III: role of plasma volume expansion onV˙o2 max during prolonged high-altitude exposure

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robach ◽  
Michèle Déchaux ◽  
Sébastien Jarrot ◽  
Jenny Vaysse ◽  
Jean-Christophe Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Volume Decrease

We hypothesize that plasma volume decrease (ΔPV) induced by high-altitude (HA) exposure and intense exercise is involved in the limitation of maximal O2 uptake (V˙o2 max) at HA. Eight male subjects were decompressed for 31 days in a hypobaric chamber to the barometric equivalent of Mt. Everest (8,848 m). Maximal exercise was performed with and without plasma volume expansion (PVX, 219–292 ml) during exercise, at sea level (SL), at HA (370 mmHg, equivalent to 6,000 m after 10–12 days) and after return to SL (RSL, 1–3 days). Plasma volume (PV) was determined at rest at SL, HA, and RSL by Evans blue dilution. PV was decreased by 26% ( P < 0.01) at HA and was 10% higher at RSL than at SL. Exercise-induced ΔPV was reduced both by PVX and HA ( P < 0.05). Compared with SL, V˙o2 max was decreased by 58 and 11% at HA and RSL, respectively.V˙o2 max was enhanced by PVX at HA (+9%, P < 0.05) but not at SL or RSL. The more PV was decreased at HA, the moreV˙o2 max was improved by PVX ( P < 0.05). At exhaustion, plasma renin and aldosterone were not modified at HA compared with SL but were higher at RSL, whereas plasma atrial natriuretic factor was lower at HA. The present results suggest that PV contributes to the limitation ofV˙o2 max during acclimatization to HA. RSL-induced PVX, which may be due to increased activity of the renin-aldosterone system, could also influence the recovery ofV˙o2 max.

Intense exercise stimulates albumin synthesis in the upright posture

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Gary W. Cline ◽  
Gary W. Mack ◽  
Gerald I. Shulman ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Exercise Induced

We tested the hypothesis that an elevation in albumin synthetic rate contributes to increased plasma albumin content during exercise-induced hypervolemia. Albumin synthetic rate was measured in seven healthy subjects at 1–5 and 21–22 h after 72 min of intense (85% peak oxygen consumption rate) intermittent exercise and after 5 h recovery in either upright (Up) or supine (Sup) postures. Deuterated phenylalanine (d5-Phe) was administrated by a primed-constant infusion method, and fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and absolute synthetic rate (ASR) of albumin were calculated from the enrichment of d5-Phe in plasma albumin, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FSR of albumin in Up increased significantly ( P < 0.05) from 4.9 ± 0.9%/day at control to 7.3 ± 0.9%/day at 22 h of recovery. ASR of albumin increased from 87.9 ± 17.0 to 141.1 ± 16.6 mg albumin ⋅ kg body wt− 1 ⋅ day− 1. In contrast, FSR and ASR of albumin were unchanged in Sup (3.9 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 1.4%/day and 74.2 ± 8.9 to 85.3 ± 23.9 mg albumin ⋅ kg body wt− 1 ⋅ day− 1at control and 22 h of recovery, respectively). Increased albumin synthesis after upright intense exercise contributes to the expansion of greater albumin content and its maintenance. We conclude that stimuli related to posture are critical in modulating the drive for albumin synthesis after intense exercise.

Increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption during exercise-induced hypervolemia in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nagashima ◽  
Jauchia Wu ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
Gary W. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Saline Loading ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Renal Tubular

We tested the hypothesis that renal tubular Na+ reabsorption increased during the first 24 h of exercise-induced plasma volume expansion. Renal function was assessed 1 day after no-exercise control (C) or intermittent cycle ergometer exercise (Ex, 85% of peak O2 uptake) for 2 h before and 3 h after saline loading (12.5 ml/kg over 30 min) in seven subjects. Ex reduced renal blood flow ( p-aminohippurate clearance) compared with C (0.83 ± 0.12 vs. 1.49 ± 0.24 l/min, P < 0.05) but did not influence glomerular filtration rates (97 ± 10 ml/min, inulin clearance). Fractional tubular reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubules was higher in Ex than in C ( P < 0.05). Saline loading decreased fractional tubular reabsorption of Na+ from 99.1 ± 0.1 to 98.7 ± 0.1% ( P < 0.05) in C but not in Ex (99.3 ± 0.1 to 99.4 ± 0.1%). Saline loading reduced plasma renin activity and plasma arginine vasopressin levels in C and Ex, although the magnitude of decrease was greater in C ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that, during the acute phase of exercise-induced plasma volume expansion, increased tubular Na+ reabsorption is directed primarily to the proximal tubules and is associated with a decrease in renal blood flow. In addition, saline infusion caused a smaller reduction in fluid-regulating hormones in Ex. The attenuated volume-regulatory response acts to preserve distal tubular Na+ reabsorption during saline infusion 24 h after exercise.

scholarly journals MECHANISM OF EXERCISE-INDUCED PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Luetkemeier ◽  
K. M. Flowers ◽  
D. R. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Exercise Induced
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