Comparison of Clinical Features and Inflammatory Markers between Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome and Kawasaki Disease without Shock: A Meta-Analysis

Since the shock is not a common symptom of KD, it is often misdiagnosed at the beginning of the pathogenesis of KDSS. The language searched was only Chinese and English. Data from the articles were screened and extracted for meta-analysis using Stata16.0 software. A total of 9 cohort studies, including 1231 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the age of the children in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI (0.52, 1.78), P < 0.05 ); the CRP content in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = 1.99, 95% CI (0.72, 3.26), P < 0.05 ); the albumin content in the KDSS group was lower than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = −1.26, 95% CI (−1.85,−0.67), P < 0.05 ); the AST content in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (WMD = 25.95, 95% CI (15.14, 36.75), P < 0.05 ); the difference had statistical significance (RR = 3.50, 95% CI (2.30, 5.32), P < 0.05 ); meta-analysis results of type of KD, fever duration, WBC count, ESR, ALT, and other outcome measures showed that there was no significant difference between KDSS and KD without shock ( P > 0.05 ). Compared with KD without shock, children with KDSS are older and have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease, serum CRP, and AST, but albumin is lower than KD without shock. According to these characteristics, it may be helpful for the early identification of KDSS.

Blood profile of prevalent sheep breeds in Nigeria: A case study of Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

The role of the environment in the survivability of an animal is paramount and blood profiles are part of the indices for measuring the health status. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the blood profile of prominent indigenous breed of sheep (Ram) viz: West African Dwarf, Yankasa, Balami and Ouda breeds reared in Ikorodu Local Government. A total of 20 rams were used comprising of five rams per breed, with average age of 2½ years weighing 31.13±4.8 kg. Blood samples were carefully collected from the rams into labeled sterile bottles containing EDTA for haematological examination and another set of bottles containing Lithium Heparin was used to collect blood for the serum biochemical analysis. Haematological parameter assessed were Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), while the biochemical parameters investigated were Total protein (Tp), Albumin, Glucose, Creatine Cholesterol, and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). PCV was significantly (p<0.05) highest (32.25%) in Yankassa and lowest (26.25%) in Ouda. Yankasa had statistically (p<0.05) the higher 11.66g/dL Hb, followed by WAD (10.00), Ouda (9.60) and lower (9.20) in Balami. RBC (x10/ml) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in WAD (3.72) than other breeds and lowest in Ouda (3.11). MCV (fl) value was significantly lower in Yankasa (75.83) than other breeds and higher in Ouda (83.60). MCH (pg) was statistically (p<0.05) highest (30.89) in Yankasa and lower (26.93) in Balami. Yankasa had significantly(p<0.05) the higher (8673.00) Total WBC (mm3), followed by WAD (8453.25), Balami (6814.25) and least in Ouda (6718.75). Total protein was significantly (p<0.05) the higher (53.76) in WAD ram and lower (43.76) in Ouda. Yankasa ram recorded significantly (p<0.05) the higher Albumin content (5.45), glucose level (48.87), ALP (129.71) and significantly the least creatine (0.63) while significantly (p<0.05) the least values for Glucose were in Ouda (44.83), Albumin content and Alkaline phosphatase in Balami (4.33, 104.87 respectively). Cholesterol value was significantly the higher (93.22) in WAD and lower (79.70) in Balami. Results revealed significant differences in haematological and serological indices tested though all values obtained were within the normal range for sheep. Le rôle de l'environnement dans la survie d'un animal est primordial et les profils sanguins font partie des indices de mesure de l'état de santé. Par conséquent, une étude a été menée pour déterminer le profil sanguin de la race indigène de moutons (bélier), à savoir: les moutons nains d'Afrique de l'Ouest (WAD), Yankasa, Balami et Ouda élevés dans la collectivité locale d'Ikorodu. Au total, 20 béliers ont été utilisés comprenant cinq béliers par race, avec un âge moyen de 2 ans et demi pesant 31,13 ± 4,8 kg. Des échantillons de sang ont été soigneusement prélevés sur les béliers dans des flacons stériles étiquetés contenant de l'EDTA pour un examen hématologique et un autre ensemble de flacons contenant de l'héparine de lithium a été utilisé pour collecter du sang pour l'analyse biochimique du sérum. Les paramètres hématologiques évalués étaient le volume de cellules emballées (PCV), les globules blancs (WBC), les globules rouges (RBC), tandis que les paramètres biochimiques étudiés étaient la protéine totale (Tp), l'albumine, le glucose, la créatine cholestérol et la phosphatase alcaline (ALP). Le PCV était significativement (p <0,05) le plus élevé (32,25%) à Yankassa et le plus bas (26,25%) à Ouda. Yankasa avait statistiquement (p <0,05) le taux d'Hb le plus élevé de 11,66 g / dL, suivi de WAD (10,00), Ouda (9,60) et moins (9,20) à Balami. Les globules rouges (x10 / ml) étaient significativement (p <0,05) plus élevés chez WAD (3,72) que chez les autres races et plus faibles chez Ouda (3,11). La valeur MCV (fl) était significativement plus faible à Yankasa (75,83) que dans les autres races et plus élevée à Ouda (83,60). MCH (pg) était statistiquement (p <0,05) la plus élevée (30,89) à Yankasa et inférieure (26,93) à Balami. Yankasa avait significativement (p <0,05) le plus élevé (8673,00) WBC total (mm3), suivi des moutons nains d'Afrique de l'Ouest, (8453,25), Balami (6814,25) et inférieur à Ouda (6718,75). La protéine totale était significativement (p <0,05) la plus élevée (53,76) chez les moutons nains d'Afrique de l'Ouest, et la plus faible (43,76) chez Ouda. Le bélier Yankasa a enregistré de manière significative (p <0,05) la plus haute teneur en albumine (5,45), le niveau de glucose (48,87), l'ALP (129,71) et significativement le moins de créatine (0,63) tandis que de manière significative (p <0,05) les valeurs les plus faibles pour le glucose étaient à Ouda (44,83), teneur en albumine et phosphatase alcaline chez Balami (4,33, 104,87 respectivement). La valeur du cholestérol était significativement la plus élevée (93,22) chez les moutons nains d'Afrique de l'Ouest et la plus basse (79,70) chez Balami. Les résultats ont révélé des différences significatives dans les indices hématologiques et sérologiques testés bien que toutes les valeurs obtenues se situent dans la plage normale pour les moutons.

The Intervention and Mechanism of Action for Aloin against Subchronic Aflatoxin B1 Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats

As a class of difurancoumarin compounds with similar structures, aflatoxins (AF) are commonly found in the environment, soil, and food crops. AF pose a serious threat to the health of humans, poultry, and livestock. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and detailed mechanism of aloin on hepatic injury induced by subchronic AFB1 in rats. The result showed that aloin could significantly inhibit the decrease in food intake, body weight growth, immune organ index, and serum albumin content caused by long-term AFB1 exposure. Meanwhile, aloin reduced the level of serum liver function and improved renal swelling and pathological changes of liver tissue. Aloin could also inhibit liver lipid peroxidation and improve liver antioxidant capacity. Further investigation revealed that aloin inhibited the activity and expression of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and down-regulated IL-1β expression in subchronic AFB1-induced liver injury rats. The above study demonstrated that aloin played an important role in blocking or delaying the development process of subchronic AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, aloin is considered to have a potential role as a protective agent against AFB1.

Enhancement The Growth of Snakehead (Channa striata) with Addition of Dragon Fruit Peel Flour to The Diet

Snakehead (Channa striata) is a fish that grows relatively slowly, but is a typical Sumatran fish with high albumin content and economic value. This makes this fish a very prospect to be developed. Meanwhile, dragon fruit peel is one of the wastes that can be used for diet raw materials and contains vitamins and minerals that have the potential to be useful for increasing growth in fish. This study aims to determine the growth performance of snakehead fed by adding dragon fruit peel flour. This study used test animals, namely snakehead fish juvenile with the size of 1.06 ± 0.02 g/fish. The experiment of fish reared in aquarium measuring of 35cm x 45cm x 90 cm, filled with water as high as 15 cm without aeration. The experiment diets consisted of 5 types, namely feed added with 0% dragon fruit flour (control); 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% of feed. Each treatment was repeated three times. Snakehead was reared for 60 days and fed three times a day on an ad satiation basis. The parameters observed in this study were the survival rate and growth performance of snakehead fish. The results showed that the survival rate between treatments was not significantly different, namely in the range of 97.76 - 100%. Meanwhile, the specific growth rate and feed efficiency of snakehead which added 2% to the diets were the highest, namely 8.66 ± 0.04%/day and 67.83 ± 2.31%/day. The conclusion of this study was the addition of dragon fruit peel flour at 2% enhanced the growth performance of snakehead.

Catfish (Clarias sp.) as an animal protein source to improve serum albumin levels of hemodialysis patients

Background: Hemodialysis patients often experience hypoalbuminemia complications, which occur mainly due to decreased synthesis due to inflammation, lack of protein intake, the fluid status of patients, and losses from the dialysate. Another problem in hemodialysis is malnutrition, with a prevalence between 23–73% globally. Gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite also often occur in hemodialysis. Therefore, hemodialysis patients need to get nutritional support, which can be given in the form of catfish abon, one of the local Indonesian food.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the use of catfish as a source of animal protein to improve the albumin levels of hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test design. This study involved 34 hemodialysis patients as subjects, with inclusion criteria, were routinely two times a week, aged >18 years, willing to be the subject and follow the research procedures, have albumin levels ≥3.0 g/dL, and no catfish allergies. Patients with anasarca edema, experiencing complications of diabetes mellitus and malignancy were excluded. The dependent variable was albumin content, while the independent variable was catfish as an animal protein source. Data were analyzed univariate and bivariate by Fisher's Exact test.Results: Fisher's Exact test results on the effectiveness of using catfish as an animal protein source to improve albumin levels of hemodialysis patients showed p-value=0.048.Conclusion: The use of catfish as an effective animal protein source significantly affected on improving albumin levels in hemodialysis patients.

Co-infection of Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara canis in different aged dogs: Influence on the haematological indices

Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara canis are worldwide parasitic nematodes affecting dogs and mammals of the Canine family. Due to the special structure of the shells, the eggs of these geohelminths can maintain their viability in soil, sand, water and the environment for a long time. The study involved young (6–12 months old) and adult (1.5–8.0 years old) dogs affected by co-infection of T. vulpis + T. canis; the control group consisted of dewormed healthy animals of the same age. Parasitological examination of dogs' faeces was performed using a "Counting Chamber for Ovoscopic Researches"; morphological parameters, indicators of nutrient metabolism, mineral metabolism and activity of enzymatic systems were determined in blood and serum. According to the results of parasitological research on the dogs, it was found that young animals are more prone to toxocarosis, and adults – trichurosis. The co-infection of nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis in dogs develops several changes in haematological parameters: a significant decrease in erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and haematocrit, leukocytosis with basophils and eosinophilia in young infected animals; and eosinophilia and basophilia (15.9 times) in adults, compared with healthy dogs of the same age. Among the changes in serum biochemical parameters, young infected dogs showed a decrease in the concentration of total protein and albumin content, an increase in the content of "acute phase" proteins (α-1, α-2 and β-globulins), an increase in cholesterol and total bilirubin; in adult infected dogs, a decrease in albumin content, an increase in the content of α-1, α-2, and β-globulins, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol and total bilirubin, a decrease in the concentration of urea in comparison with healthy animals were determined. Also, among the indicators of mineral metabolism, a decrease in the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the serum was found in young infected dogs. Among the changes in the enzyme metabolism in the serum of infected dogs, there was an increase in the activity of all studied enzymes in animals of both research groups: ALT, AST, α-amylase, GGT and ALP. Thus, co-infection with nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis has a complex pathogenic effect on the body of dogs of all ages, which manifested itself in multiple changes in haematological parameters. In the future, the authors’ team plan to develop comprehensive measures to combat nematode infections in different living conditions of dogs, taking into account the results of the current research.

Pengembangan Potensi Ekstrak Belut (Monopterus albus) dalam Menangkal Radikal Bebas

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan dari ekstrak belut (Monopterus albus) yang hidup di perairan provinsi jambi. Radikal bebas cenderung menimbulkan reaksi berantai yang apabila terjadi di dalam tubuh akan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan sel yang berlanjut dan terus menerus terutama pada penyakit kronis seperti diabetes, hipertensi dan hiperkolesterol. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan seyawa antioksidan, salah satunya asam amino. Di dalam al-Quran disebutkan bahwa bangkai yang halal untuk dimakan adalah ikan dan belalang. Belut merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang memiliki kandungan albumin yang tinggi. Sampel daging belut yang telah difillet dan dipisahkan dari kepalanya, dipotong kecil-kecil dengan ukuran 1,5 cm2 dan dibalut dengan kain tipis dalam sebuah mangkuk, lalu dikukus, dipress, dan disentrifus. diambil fase air dan minyak dan dibuang pengotornya dengan cara disaring, lalu dikeringkan menggunakan freeze drying sehingga diperoleh ekstrak belut dalam bentuk serbuk. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Radical Scavenging method menggunakan senyawa kimia DPPH (2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak belut sebesar 29,0816 ppm. Ekstrak belut memiliki potensi menangkal radikal bebas dengan aktifitas kuat. Kata Kunci: Ektstrak Belut, Monopterus albus, Penangkal Radikal Bebas This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of eel (Monopterus albus) extracts that live in the waters of the province of Jambi. Free radicals tend to cause chain reactions that occur in the body and will cause ongoing and continuous cell damage, especially in chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Prevention can be done by providing antioxidants, one of which is amino acids. In the Koran, it is stated that the carcasses that are lawful to eat are fish and grasshoppers. Eel is a type of fish that has a high albumin content. The eel meat sample that has been filled and given from its head, is cut into small pieces with a size of 1.5 cm2 and wrapped in a thin cloth in a container, then steamed, pressed, and centrifuged. the air and oil phases are taken and the impurities are removed by filtering, then they are dried using freeze drying in order to obtain the eel extract in powder form. The method used in this study is the Radical Scavenging Method using the chemical compound DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil). From the research results it was found that the IC50 value of eel extract was 29.0816 ppm. Eel extract has the potential to ward off free radicals with strong activity.

General toxic and cardiovascular toxic impact of cadmium oxide nanoparticles

Introduction. Non-ferrous smelters are one of the critical nanoscale cadmium particles sources in the workplace and ambient air. Materials and methods. The research was performed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO-NPs) in white outbred rats. Male outbred 3.5-month old rats received intraperitoneal injections of CdO-NPs 3 times a week for six weeks (18 in total) in doses of 0.25 mg/kg body mass. After the end of an exposure, there were rated more than 50 indices of universally accepted toxicity criteria (including biochemical and cytomorphometric). Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results. The hematotoxic effects of CdO-NPs were revealed by a decrease in the hemoglobin content, an increase in the number of reticulocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes. CdO NPs influenced porphyrin metabolism (an increase of δ-aminolevulinic acid in the urine). Liver toxicity resulted in an increase in organ mass and a decrease in albumin content and A/G index. Besides, there was observed a rise in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and high-density lipoproteins in the blood serum. Oxidative stress level increased (decrease in catalase action and ceruloplasmin content). Endothelin-1 decreased. It may result from an observed decrease in blood pressure indices (statistically significant for mean B.P.). Conclusion. The intoxication of moderate severity was retrieved at the end of the subchronic exposure to cadmium oxide nanoparticles. It characterized mass, hematological, biochemical, and cytomophometric changes. There was found mild but evident cardiovascular toxicity of cadmium oxide nanoparticles.

Determination of albumin content in blood serum based on the results of dynamic surface tension

The blood test allows you to give an objective assessment of the state of health of animals and timely identify changes occurring in the body. To assess the content of albumins in the blood serum, the method of measuring the dynamic surface tension on the VRA-1P device, which works according to the method of maximum pressure in the bubble, was used. Based on the results of the measurements, a mathematical model was proposed, and using the regression analysis method, formulas for determining the concentration of albumins were developed, which showed good convergence with other measurement methods.