Corticofugal Modulation of the Tactile Response Coherence of Projecting Neurons in the Gracilis Nucleus

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2537-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazareth P. Castellanos ◽  
Eduardo Malmierca ◽  
Angel Nuñez ◽  
Valeri A. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Tactile Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Precise and reproducible spike timing is one of the alternatives of the sensory stimulus encoding. We test coherence (repeatability) of the response patterns elicited in projecting gracile neurons by tactile stimulation and its modulation provoked by electrical stimulation of the corticofugal feedback from the somatosensory (SI) cortex. To gain the temporal structure we adopt the wavelet-based approach for quantification of the functional stimulus–neural response coupling. We show that the spontaneous firing patterns (when they exist) are essentially random. Tactile stimulation of the neuron receptive field strongly increases the spectral power in the stimulus and 5- to 15-Hz frequency bands. However, the functional coupling (coherence) between the sensory stimulus and the neural response exhibits ultraslow oscillation (0.07 Hz). During this oscillation the stimulus coherence can temporarily fall below the statistically significant level, i.e., the functional stimulus–response coupling may be temporarily lost for a single neuron. We further demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the SI cortex increases the stimulus coherence for about 60% of cells. We find no significant correlation between the increment of the firing rate and the stimulus coherence, but we show that there is a positive correlation with the amplitude of the peristimulus time histogram. The latter argues that the observed facilitation of the neural response by the corticofugal pathway, at least in part, may be mediated through an appropriate ordering of the stimulus-evoked firing pattern, and the coherence enhancement is more relevant in gracilis nucleus than an increase of the number of spikes elicited by the tactile stimulus.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract on Electroencephalographic Spectral Power and the Sleep–Wake Cycle in Freely Moving Cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martínez-Vargas ◽  
A. Valdés-Cruz ◽  
V.M. Magdaleno-Madrigal ◽  
R. Fernández-Mas ◽  
S. Almazán-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Freely Moving Cats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of somatosensory cortex activity produced by electrical stimulation of the median nerve or tactile stimulation of the index finger

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Boakye ◽  
Sean C. Huckins ◽  
Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi ◽  
Bobby I. Taskey ◽  
Charles J. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stimulation Of

Object. Functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging was used to determine patterns of cerebral blood flow changes in the somatosensory cortex that result from median nerve stimulation (MNS).Methods. Ten healthy volunteers underwent stimulation of the right median nerve at frequencies of 5.1 Hz (five volunteers) and 50 Hz (five volunteers). The left median nerve was stimulated at frequencies of 5.1 Hz (two volunteers) and 50 Hz (five volunteers). Tactile stimulation (with a soft brush) of the right index finger was also applied (three volunteers). Functional MR imaging data were transformed into Talairach space coordinates and averaged by group. Results showed significant activation (p < 0.001) in the following regions: primary sensorimotor cortex (SMI), secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), parietal operculum, insula, frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and posterior parietal cortices (Brodmann's Areas 7 and 40). Further analysis revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between volumes of cortical activation in the SMI or SII resulting from electrical stimuli at 5.1 Hz and 50 Hz. There existed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cortical activity in either the SMI or SII resulting from either left- or right-sided MNS. With the exception of the frontal cortex, areas of cortical activity in response to tactile stimulation were anatomically identical to those regions activated by electrical stimulation. In the SMI and SII, activation resulting from tactile stimulation was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that resulting from electrical stimulation.Conclusions. Electrical stimulation of the median nerve is a reproducible and effective means of activating multiple somatosensory cortical areas, and fMR imaging can be used to investigate the complex network that exists between these areas.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the use of electrostimulation with the device “VEB”® in the management of disorders related to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Vol.11, no.3) ◽  
pp. 328-343
Author(s):  
Valeriy Ye. Babelyuk ◽  
Igor L. Popovych ◽  
Nazariy V. Babelyuk ◽  
Tetyana A. Korolyshyn ◽  
Galyna I. Dubkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Spectral Power Density ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanism ◽  
Θ Rhythm ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background. One of the symptoms of COVID-19 is the so-called "cytokine storm". Its pathogenesis is that the initial release by lymphocytes and macrophages of proinflammatory cytokines in the classical immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is significantly enhanced and maintained due to excessive adrenergic stimulation of the immune cells. The proinflammatory adrenergic mechanism of the "cytokine storm" can be offset by the activation of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic mechanism by non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve. In 2015, a generator for electrotherapy and stimulation oh human nerve centers was created, called “VEB-1”®. Preliminary observation of volunteers revealed a modulating effect of a four-day course of electrical stimulation on the parameters of electroencephalogram, metabolism, as well as gas-discharge visualization (GDV). We hypothesized that changes in EEG parameters may be accompanied by a vagotonic shift of the sympatho-vagus balance, favorable for calming the “cytokine storm”. The main purpose of this study was to find out. In addition, concomitant changes in EEG, immunity, GDV, etc. due to the use of the devices "VEB-1"® and recently designed "VEB-2" had to be detected. Material and research methods. The object of observation were 18 volunteers: 11 women 33-62 y and 7 men 29-62 y (Mean±SD: 51±12 y) without clinical diagnose but with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism. In the morning registered HRV (“CardioLab+HRV”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), kirlianogram by the method of GDV (“GDV Chamber”, “Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF), electroconductivity of skin in three pairs of points of acupuncture (“Medissa”), electrokinetic index of buccal epithelium ("Biotest", Kharkiv State University), as well as some parameters of immunity and metabolism. After the initial testing, an electrical stimulation session was performed with a “VEB-1”® or a “VEB-2” devices. The next morning after completing the four-day course, retesting was performed. Results. The effects of electrical stimulation can be divided into the following networks. Regarding EEG, this is a leveling of right-hand lateralization and normalizing decrease in the increased of the amplitude of the θ-rhythm and its spectral power density (SPD) at the loci F3, F7, F8, T3, T4, T6, P3, O1 and O2; further increase of SPD of δ-rhythm in loci F3, F4, T6, P3 and O1 as well as further decrease of SPD F4-α; reversion of the increased level of entropy in loci Fp1, F4, C3 and P3 to the lowered level. Regarding HRV, it is a vagotonic shift of sympatho-vagus balance due to a decrease in elevated levels of sympathetic tone markers and an increase in decreased levels of vagus tone markers, but without normalization. Neurotropic effects are accompanied by favorable changes in a number of immune parameters and a tendency to decrease the level of C-Reactive Protein. Regarding GDV, it is almost complete normalization of the initially increased GDI Area in the frontal projection and third Chakra Energy; normalizing decrease in the initially increased Energy of second and seventh Chakras; normalizing right-hand shift of more or less pronounced left-sided Asymmetry of first and third Chakra. These effects should be clearly interpreted as physiologically beneficial. The effects on these parameters are almost equally pronounced in people of both sexes when using both devices. Conclusion. Vagotonic and immunotropic effects of our device give us a reason to offer it for further research on the leveling of “cytokine storm” in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Medullary Raphe-Spinal Neurons in Cutaneous Vasoconstriction: An In Vivo Electrophysiological Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Nalivaiko ◽  
William W. Blessing
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Trigeminal Stimulation ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Stimulation Of

In rabbits, raphe magnus/pallidus neurons form a link in the CNS pathway regulating changes in cutaneous blood flow elicited by nociceptive stimulation and activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. To characterize relevant raphe-spinal neurons, we performed extracellular recordings from the rostral medullary raphe nuclei in anesthetized, paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rabbits. All studied neurons were antidromically activated from the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord (C8–T2). Of 129 studied neurons, 40% were silent. The remaining neurons discharged spontaneously at 0.3–29 Hz. Nociceptive stimulation (lip squeeze with pliers) excited 63 (49%), inhibited 9 (7%), and did not affect 57 (44%) neurons. The same stimulation also elicited falls in ear pinna blood flow. In neurons activated by the stimulation, the increase in discharge preceded the fall in flow. Electrical stimulation of the spinal trigeminal tract excited 61/63 nociception-activated neurons [onset latencies range: 6–75 ms, mean: 28 ± 3 (SE) ms], inhibited 9/9 nociception-inhibited neurons (onset latencies range: 9–85 ms, mean: 32 ± 10 ms), and failed to affect 55/57 neurons insensitive to nociceptive stimulation. Neurons insensitive to nociceptive/trigeminal stimulation were also insensitive to nonnociceptive tactile stimulation and to electrical stimulation of the amygdala. They were either silent (32/45) or discharged regularly at low frequencies. They possessed long-duration action potentials (1.26 ± 0.08 ms) and slow-conducting axons (6.0 ± 0.5 m/s). These neurons may be serotonergic raphe-spinal cells. They do not appear to be involved in nociceptive-related cutaneous vascular control. Of the 63 neurons sensitive to nociceptive and trigeminal tract stimulation, 35 also responded to tactile stimulation (wide receptive field). These neurons possessed short action potentials (0.80 ± 0.03 ms) and fast-conducting axons (30.3 ± 3.1 m/s). In this subpopulation, electrical stimulation of the amygdala activated nearly all neurons tested (10/12), with a mean onset latency of 34 ± 3 ms. The remaining 28 neurons sensitive to nociceptive and trigeminal stimulation did not respond to tactile stimuli and were mainly unaffected by amygdala stimulation. It may be that fast-conducting raphe-spinal neurons, with wide multimodal receptive fields and with input from the central nucleus of the amygdala, constitute the bulbo-spinal link in the CNS pathway regulating cutaneous blood flow in response to nociceptive and alerting stimuli.

scholarly journals Frequency shapes the quality of tactile percepts evoked through electrical stimulation of the nerves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Graczyk ◽  
Breanne P. Christie ◽  
Qinpu He ◽  
Dustin J. Tyler ◽  
Sliman J. Bensmaia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Weber Fraction ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe quality of tactile percepts evoked by skin vibrations depends on the frequency of stimulation: as frequency increases, the vibrotactile “pitch” increases. In the present study, we assessed the degree to which the quality of tactile percepts evoked via electrical stimulation of the somatosensory nerves is shaped by the frequency of the pulse train (PF). Participants with chronically-implanted peripheral nerve interfaces rated the quality of electrical pulse trains that varied in both PF and pulse width (PW) along a single continuum and also described the subjective quality of the sensory experience using perceptual descriptors. We found that increases in PF led to systematic increases in perceived frequency independent of PW, up to about 50 Hz, at which point perceived frequency leveled off or decreased. PF discrimination matched its vibrotactile counterpart, yielding a Weber fraction of ∼0.2 at low frequencies, but discrimination performance was abolished above 50 Hz. Finally, we found that PF systematically shaped quality as characterized by verbal descriptors at low but not high frequencies. Furthermore, even when probed in this complex, multi-dimensional space defined by descriptors, PF modulated tactile quality along a single perceptual continuum. In conclusion, we show that quality can be shaped by imposing temporal patterns on a fixed neural population, highlighting the importance of spike timing in the peripheral nerve. However, this temporal patterning can only be resolved up to about 50 Hz when stimulation is applied to populations of tactile nerve fibers.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the use of electrostimulation with the device “VEB”® in the management of disorders related to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Muszkieta ◽  
Igor L. Popovych ◽  
Galyna I. Dubkova ◽  
Tetyana A. Korolyshyn ◽  
Viktor Y. Hubyts’kyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Spectral Power Density ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanism ◽  
Θ Rhythm ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background. One of the symptoms of COVID-19 is the so-called "cytokine storm". Its pathogenesis is that the initial release by lymphocytes and macrophages of proinflammatory cytokines in the classical immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is significantly enhanced and maintained due to excessive adrenergic stimulation of the immune cells. The proinflammatory adrenergic mechanism of the "cytokine storm" can be offset by the activation of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic mechanism by non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nuclei (VNS). In 2015, a generator for electrotherapy and stimulation oh human nerve centers was created, called “VEB-1”. Preliminary observation of volunteers revealed a modulating effect of a four-day course of electrical stimulation on the parameters of electroencephalogram, metabolism, as well as gas-discharge visualization (GDV).. This report launches a series of articles on a comparative study of the course effects of the devices "VEB-1" and recently designed "VEB-2" on the sympathetic-vagal balance as key link of pathogenesis of "cytokine storm". Material and research methods. The object of observation were 18 volunteers: 11 women 33-62 y and 7 men 29-62 y (Mean±SD: 51±12 y) without clinical diagnose but with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism. In the morning registered HRV (“CardioLab+HRV”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”, “KhAI-Medica”, Kharkiv, UA), kirlianogram by the method of GDV (“GDV Chamber”, “Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF), electroconductivity of skin in points of acupuncture (“Medissa”), electrokinetic index of buccal epithelium ("Biotest", Kharkiv State University), as well as some parameters of immunity and metabolism. After the initial testing, an electrical stimulation session was performed with a VEB-1 or a VEB-2 devices. The next morning after completing the four-day course, retesting was performed. Results. The effects of electrical stimulation can be divided into the following networks. Regarding EEG, this is a leveling of right-hand lateralization and normalizing decrease in the increased of the amplitude of the θ-rhythm and its spectral power density (SPD) at the loci F3, F7, F8, T3, T4, T6, P3, O1 and O2; further increase of SPD of δ-rhythm in loci F3, F4, T6, P3 and O1 as well as further decrease of SPD F4-α; reversion of the increased level of entropy in loci Fp1, F4, C3 and P3 to the lowered level. Regarding HRV, it is a vagotonic shift of sympatho-vagus balance due to a decrease in elevated levels of sympathetic tone markers and an increase in decreased levels of vagus tone markers, but without normalization. Neurotropic effects are accompanied by favorable changes in a number of immune parameters and a tendency to decrease the level of C-Reactive Protein. Regarding GDV, it is almost complete normalization of the initially increased GDI Area in the frontal projection and third Chakra Energy; normalizing decrease in the initially increased Energy of second and seventh Chakras; normalizing right-hand shift of more or less pronounced left-sided Asymmetry of first and third Chakra. These effects should be clearly interpreted as physiologically beneficial. The effects on these parameters are almost equally pronounced in people of both sexes when using both devices. Conclusion. Vagotonic and immunotropic effects of our device give us a reason to offer it for further research on the leveling of cytokine storm in COVID-19.

Corticofugal Modulation of Tactile Responses of Neurons in the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Eduardo Malmierca ◽  
Nazareth P. Castellanos ◽  
Valeri A. Makarov ◽  
Angel Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Attentional Filter

It is well know the temporal structure of spike discharges is crucial to elicit different types of neuronal plasticity. Also, precise and reproducible spike timing is one of the alternatives of the sensory stimulus encoding. This chapter studies a new mathematical analysis of the temporal structure of neuronal responses during tactile stimulation of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. We have applied the coherence analysis and the wavelet based approach for quantification of the functional stimulus - neural response coupling. We apply this mathematical tool to analyze the decrease of tactile responses of trigeminal neurons during the simultaneous application of a novel tactile stimulation outside of the neuronal receptive field (sensory-interference). These data suggest the existence of an attentional filter at this early stage of sensory processing.

Somatostatin restraint of gastrin secretion in pigs revealed by monoclonal antibody immunoneutralization

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. G908-G912 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Holst ◽  
P. N. Jorgensen ◽  
T. N. Rasmussen ◽  
P. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Basal Secretion ◽  
Gastrin Cells ◽  
Gastrin Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

We studied the functional coupling between antral somatostatin and gastrin cells in isolated perfused porcine antrum using immunoneutralization with monoclonal antibodies against somatostatin. Their binding affinity was 10(11) l/mol, and the final binding capacity was 11.7 nmol/ml. Antibody infusion within 1 min increased gastrin secretion, reaching a rate of 349 +/- 64% (means +/- SE, n = 7) of basal secretion (59 +/- 5 pmol/l) after 5 min. The effect of somatostatin at 10(-9) mol/l, which inhibited gastrin secretion from 58 +/- 11 to 14 +/- 3 pmol/min (n = 4), was abolished by antibody infusion. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves (n = 7) performed during antibody infusion increased gastrin secretion from 224 +/- 61 to 328 +/- 55 pmol/min, not significantly different from the increase in control experiments from 43 +/- 9 to 118 +/- 20 pmol/min, indicating that the vagal stimulation of gastrin secretion does not depend on mechanisms involving somatostatin. We conclude that paracrine antral somatostatin secretion is one of the most important factors regulating basal gastrin secretion in pigs.

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