scholarly journals Disparity Sensitivity of Frontal Eye Field Neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ferraina ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Robert H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Uncrossed Disparity ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Information about depth is necessary to generate saccades to visual stimuli located in three-dimensional space. To determine whether monkey frontal eye field (FEF) neurons play a role in the visuo-motor processes underlying this behavior, we studied their visual responses to stimuli at different disparities. Disparity sensitivity was tested from 3° of crossed disparity (near) to 3° degrees of uncrossed disparity (far). The responses of about two thirds of FEF visual and visuo-movement neurons were sensitive to disparity and showed a broad tuning in depth for near or far disparities. Early phasic and late tonic visual responses often displayed different disparity sensitivity. These findings provide evidence of depth-related signals in FEF and suggest a role for FEF in the control of disconjugate as well as conjugate eye movements.

scholarly journals RETRACTED: Vergence eye movements direct others’ attention in three-dimensional space

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. R545-R546
Author(s):  
A.T.T. Nguyen ◽  
C.J. Palmer ◽  
C.W.G. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Dissociation of Visual Discrimination From Saccade Programming in Macaque Frontal Eye Field

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk G. Thompson ◽  
Narcisse P. Bichot ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Saccade Programming

Thompson, Kirk G., Narcisse P. Bichot, and Jeffrey D. Schall. Dissociation of visual discrimination from saccade programming in macaque frontal eye field. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1046–1050, 1997. To determine whether visual discrimination in macaque frontal eye field (FEF) is contingent on saccade planning, unit activity was recorded in two monkeys during blocked go and no-go visual search trials. The eye movements made by monkeys after correct no-go trials, in addition to an attenuation of the visual responses in no-go trials compared with go trials, indicated that covert saccade planning was effectively discouraged. During no-go search trials, the activity of the majority of neurons evolved to signal the location of the oddball stimulus. The degree and time course of the stimulus discrimination process observed in no-go trials was not different from that observed in go trials. We conclude that the discrimination of a salient visual stimulus reflected by FEF neurons is not contingent on saccade production but rather may reflect the outcome of an automatic visual selection process.

The Tactile Quartet: Comparing Ambiguous Apparent Motion in Tactile and Visual Stimuli

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry H. Haladjian ◽  
Stuart Anstis ◽  
Mark Wexler ◽  
Patrick Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In the visual quartet, alternating diagonal pairs of dots produce apparent motion horizontally or vertically, depending on proximity. Here, we studied a tactile quartet where vibrating tactors were attached to the thumbs and index fingers of both hands. Apparent motion was felt either within hands (from index finger to thumb) or between hands. Participants adjusted the distance between their hands to find the point where motion changed directions. Surprisingly, switchovers occurred when between-hand distances were as much as twice that of within-hand distances—a general bias that was also found for tactile judgments of static distances. This expansion of within-hand felt distances was again seen when lights were placed on the hands rather than vibrating tactors. Importantly, switchover points were similar when the hands were placed at different depths, indicating that representations governing tactile motion were in perceptual three-dimensional space, not retinal two-dimensional space. This was true whether the quartets were visual stimuli on the hands or were purely visual on a monitor, suggesting that proximity is generally determined in three-dimensional coordinates for motion perception. Finally, the similarity of visual and tactile results suggests a common computation for apparent motion, albeit with different built-in distance biases for separate modalities.

Reflexive and orienting properties of REM sleep dreaming and eye movements

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Herman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this manuscript Hobson et al. propose a model exploring qualitative differences between the three states of consciousness, waking, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, in terms of state-related brain activity. The model consists of three factors, each of which varies along a continuum, creating a three-dimensional space: activation (A), information flow (I), and mode of information processing (M). Hobson has described these factors previously (1990; 1992a). Two of the dimensions, activation and modulation, deal directly with subcortical influences upon cortical structures – the reticular activation system, with regard to the activation dimension and the locus coeruleus and the pontine raphe neuclei, with regard to the modulation dimension. The focus of this review is a further exploration of the interaction between dreaming and the cortical and subcortical structures relevant to REM sleep eye movements.[Hobson et al. ]

Coding of smooth eye movements in three-dimensional space by frontal cortex

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 419 (6903) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuro Fukushima ◽  
Takanobu Yamanobe ◽  
Yasuhiro Shinmei ◽  
Junko Fukushima ◽  
Sergei Kurkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Space
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