Faculty Opinions recommendation of Coding of smooth eye movements in three-dimensional space by frontal cortex.

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Coding of smooth eye movements in three-dimensional space by frontal cortex

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 419 (6903) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuro Fukushima ◽  
Takanobu Yamanobe ◽  
Yasuhiro Shinmei ◽  
Junko Fukushima ◽  
Sergei Kurkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

scholarly journals Disparity Sensitivity of Frontal Eye Field Neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ferraina ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Robert H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Uncrossed Disparity ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Information about depth is necessary to generate saccades to visual stimuli located in three-dimensional space. To determine whether monkey frontal eye field (FEF) neurons play a role in the visuo-motor processes underlying this behavior, we studied their visual responses to stimuli at different disparities. Disparity sensitivity was tested from 3° of crossed disparity (near) to 3° degrees of uncrossed disparity (far). The responses of about two thirds of FEF visual and visuo-movement neurons were sensitive to disparity and showed a broad tuning in depth for near or far disparities. Early phasic and late tonic visual responses often displayed different disparity sensitivity. These findings provide evidence of depth-related signals in FEF and suggest a role for FEF in the control of disconjugate as well as conjugate eye movements.

scholarly journals RETRACTED: Vergence eye movements direct others’ attention in three-dimensional space

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. R545-R546
Author(s):  
A.T.T. Nguyen ◽  
C.J. Palmer ◽  
C.W.G. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Reflexive and orienting properties of REM sleep dreaming and eye movements

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Herman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this manuscript Hobson et al. propose a model exploring qualitative differences between the three states of consciousness, waking, NREM sleep, and REM sleep, in terms of state-related brain activity. The model consists of three factors, each of which varies along a continuum, creating a three-dimensional space: activation (A), information flow (I), and mode of information processing (M). Hobson has described these factors previously (1990; 1992a). Two of the dimensions, activation and modulation, deal directly with subcortical influences upon cortical structures – the reticular activation system, with regard to the activation dimension and the locus coeruleus and the pontine raphe neuclei, with regard to the modulation dimension. The focus of this review is a further exploration of the interaction between dreaming and the cortical and subcortical structures relevant to REM sleep eye movements.[Hobson et al. ]

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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