scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide as an Endogenous Modulator in Mitochondria and Mitochondria Dysfunction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jun-tao Kan ◽  
Ze-yu Cheng ◽  
Jie-fang Chen ◽  
Ya-qi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Endogenous Modulator ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Messenger Molecule

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has historically been considered to be a toxic gas, an environmental and occupational hazard. However, with the discovery of its presence and enzymatic production through precursors of L-cysteine and homocysteine in mammalian tissues, H2S has recently received much interest as a physiological signaling molecule. H2S is a gaseous messenger molecule that has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in mammals, including vascular relaxation, angiogenesis, and the function of ion channels, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and heart injury. H2S is an endogenous neuromodulator and present studies show that physiological concentrations of H2S enhance NMDA receptor-mediated responses and aid in the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Moreover, in the field of neuronal protection, physiological concentrations of H2S in mitochondria have many favorable effects on cytoprotection.

Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiological and Pathological Mechanisms in Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 654-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Rajat Sandhir
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation

Background & Objective: Hydrogen sulfide [H2S] has been widely known as a toxic gas for more than 300 years in the scientific community. However, the understanding about this small molecule has changed after the discovery of involvement of H2S in physiological and pathological mechanisms in brain. H2S is a third gasotransmitter and neuromodulator after carbon monoxide [CO] and nitric oxide [NO]. H2S plays an important role in memory and cognition by regulating long-term potentiation [LTP] and calcium homeostasis in neuronal cells. The disturbances in endogenous H2S levels and trans-sulfuration pathway have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, stroke and traumatic brain injury. According to the results obtained from various studies, H2S not only behaves as neuromodulator but also is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic molecule suggesting its neuroprotective potential. Conclusion: Recently, there is an increased interest in developing H2S releasing pharmaceuticals to target various neurological disorders. This review covers the information about the involvement of H2S in neurodegenerative diseases, its molecular targets and its role as potential therapeutic molecule.

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