Long-Term Stimulation with Electroacupuncture at DU20 and ST36 Rescues Hippocampal Neuron through Attenuating Cerebral Blood Flow in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

This study was designed to investigate the effect of long-term electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36) on cerebral microvessels and neurons in CA1 region of hippocampus in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of 45 male Wistar rats and 45 SHR were randomly grouped, with or without electroacupuncture (EA) at DU20 and ST36, once every other day for a period of 8 weeks. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured once every 2 weeks. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the number of open microvessels in hippocampal CA1 region were detected by Laser Doppler and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Nissl staining and Western blotting were performed, respectively, to determine hippocampus morphology and proteins that were implicated in the concerning signaling pathways. The results showed that the MAP in SHR increased linearly over the observation period and was significantly reduced following electroacupuncture as compared with sham control SHR rats, while no difference was observed in Wistar rats between EA and sham control. The CBF, learning and memory capacity, and capillary rarefaction of SHR were improved by EA. The upregulation of angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), endothelin receptor (ETAR), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in SHR rats was attenuated by electroacupuncture, suggesting an implication of AT1R, ETAR, and ET-1 pathway in the effect of EA.

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Effect of long-term administration of ethyl eicosapentate (EPA-E) on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP)

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00350-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 761 (2) ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yasuo Katayama ◽

Toshiya Katsumata ◽

Hiromi Muramatsu ◽

Kazuhiro Usuda ◽

Rinnosuke Obo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Term Administration

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Effect of Choto-san, a Kampo Medicine, on the Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0021-5198(19)30608-0 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 135-142

Author(s):

Akira Sugimoto ◽

Kazuhiro Goto ◽

Atsushi Ishige ◽

Yasuhiro Komatsu ◽

Ken-ichi Miyamoto

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Kampo Medicine ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation

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Rapamycin Induces an eNOS (Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) Dependent Increase in Brain Collateral Perfusion in Wistar and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.120.029781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 2834-2843

Author(s):

Daniel J. Beard ◽

Zhaojin Li ◽

Anna M. Schneider ◽

Yvonne Couch ◽

Marilyn J. Cipolla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Infarct Volume ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Background and Purpose: Rapamycin is a clinically approved mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of stroke. However, the mechanism of rapamycin-induced neuroprotection is still being explored. Our aims were to determine if rapamycin improved leptomeningeal collateral perfusion, to determine if this is through eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase)-mediated vessel dilation and to determine if rapamycin increases immediate postreperfusion blood flow. Methods: Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (≈14 weeks old, n=22 and n=15, respectively) were subjected to ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (90 and 120 minutes, respectively) with or without treatment with rapamycin at 30-minute poststroke. Changes in middle cerebral artery and collateral perfusion territories were measured by dual-site laser Doppler. Reactivity to rapamycin was studied using isolated and pressurized leptomeningeal anastomoses. Brain injury was measured histologically or with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Results: In Wistar rats, rapamycin increased collateral perfusion (43±17%), increased reperfusion cerebral blood flow (16±8%) and significantly reduced infarct volume (35±6 versus 63±8 mm 3 , P <0.05). Rapamycin dilated leptomeningeal anastomoses by 80±9%, which was abolished by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, rapamycin increased collateral perfusion by 32±25%, reperfusion cerebral blood flow by 44±16%, without reducing acute infarct volume 2 hours postreperfusion. Reperfusion cerebral blood flow was a stronger predictor of brain damage than collateral perfusion in both Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Conclusions: Rapamycin increased collateral perfusion and reperfusion cerebral blood flow in both Wistar and comorbid spontaneously hypertensive rats that appeared to be mediated by enhancing eNOS activation. These findings suggest that rapamycin may be an effective acute therapy for increasing collateral flow and as an adjunct therapy to thrombolysis or thrombectomy to improve reperfusion blood flow.

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Local cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in chronic focal ischaemia of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Neurological Research ◽

10.1080/01616412.1994.11740242 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katsuji Shima ◽

Hitoshi Umezawa ◽

Hiroo Chigasaki ◽

Shigeru Okuyama ◽

Hiroaki Araki

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Focal Ischaemia

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Effects of Intravenous Glycerol on Cerebral Blood Flow and Tissue Metabolism in Acute Cerebral Ischemia in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Angiology ◽

10.1177/000331978603700204 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 92-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masatoshi Fujishima ◽

Takao Ishitsuka ◽

Fujio Yoshida ◽

Setsuro Ibayashi ◽

Osamu Shiokawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Tissue Metabolism ◽

Acute Cerebral Ischemia

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Effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow and brain tissue metabolism in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Stroke ◽

10.1161/01.str.13.5.687 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 687-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T Ishitsuka ◽

M Fujishima ◽

Y Nakatomi ◽

K Tamaki ◽

T Omae

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Tissue Metabolism

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Selective effect of tempol on renal medullary hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.r1420 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 281 (5) ◽

pp. R1420-R1425 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ming-Guo Feng ◽

Stephen A. W. Dukacz ◽

Robert L. Kline

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Short And Long Term

The present study assessed the short- and long-term effect of tempol, a membrane-permeable mimetic of superoxide dismutase, on renal medullary hemodynamics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tempol was given in the drinking water (1 mM) for 4 days or 7 wk (4–11 wk of age), and medullary blood flow (MBF) was measured over a wide range of renal arterial pressure by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry in anesthetized rats. In addition, the response of the medullary circulation to angiotensin II (5–50 ng · kg−1 · min−1 iv) was determined in SHR treated for 4 days with tempol. Compared with control SHR, short- and long-term treatment with tempol decreased arterial pressure by ∼20 mmHg and increased MBF by 35–50% without altering total renal blood flow (RBF) or autoregulation of RBF. Angiotensin II decreased RBF and MBF dose dependently (∼30% at the highest dose) in control SHR. In SHR treated with tempol, angiotensin II decreased RBF (∼30% at the highest dose) but did not alter MBF significantly. These data indicate that the antihypertensive effect of short- and long-term administration of tempol in SHR is associated with a selective increase in MBF. Tempol also reduced the sensitivity of MBF to angiotensin II. Taken together, these data support the idea that tempol enhances vasodilator mechanisms of the medullary circulation, possibly by interacting with the nitric oxide system. Increased MBF and reduced sensitivity of MBF to angiotensin II may contribute to the antihypertensive action of tempol in SHR.

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