Portable XRF Technology to Quantify Pb in Bone In Vivo

Lead is a ubiquitous toxicant. Bone lead has been established as an important biomarker for cumulative lead exposures and has been correlated with adverse health effects on many systems in the body. K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) is the standard method for measuring bone lead, but this approach has many difficulties that have limited the widespread use of this exposure assessment method. With recent advancements in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology, we have developed a portable system that can quantify lead in bone in vivo within 3 minutes. Our study investigated improvements to the system, four calibration methods, and system validation for in vivo measurements. Our main results show that the detection limit of the system is 2.9 ppm with 2 mm soft tissue thickness, the best calibration method for in vivo measurement is background subtraction, and there is strong correlation between KXRF and portable LXRF bone lead results. Our results indicate that the technology is ready to be used in large human population studies to investigate adverse health effects of lead exposure. The portability of the system and fast measurement time should allow for this technology to greatly advance the research on lead exposure and public/environmental health.

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Effects of environmental cadmium and lead exposure on adults neighboring a discharge: Evidences of adverse health effects

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

pp. 247-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Mathilde Cabral ◽

Aminata Toure ◽

Guillaume Garçon ◽

Cheikh Diop ◽

Saâd Bouhsina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Cadmium And Lead

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Bone Lead Concentrations Assessed by in Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/46.8.1171 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1171-1178 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Theresa M Ambrose ◽

Muhammad Al-Lozi ◽

Mitchell G Scott

Keyword(s):

Exposure Assessment ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Body Burden ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Future Health ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

Bone Lead ◽

Chronic Lead Exposure

Abstract The assessment of past chronic lead exposure is difficult. Chronic lead burden is not always correctly assessed using laboratory-based tests that are useful for acute or recent exposures. We describe a case of suspected chronic lead exposure that illustrated the need for improved and possibly noninvasive methods to determine cumulative lead body burden. X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) is discussed as a method to obtain in vivo bone lead measurements. We discuss the potential of such measurements as accurate biomarkers of cumulative exposure and whether XRF can be used for retroactive exposure assessment or to predict risk of future health problems.

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Adverse health effects of lead exposure on physical growth, erythrocyte parameters and school performances for school-aged children in eastern China

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2020.106130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 ◽

pp. 106130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenjie Kuang ◽

Zhaofang Chen ◽

Kexin Shi ◽

Hong Sun ◽

Hongbo Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Lead Exposure ◽

Eastern China ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Adverse Health

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Signalling-Dependent Adverse Health Effects of Carbon Nanoparticles Are Prevented by the Compatible Solute Mannosylglycerate (Firoin) In Vitro and In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0111485 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e111485 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrea Autengruber ◽

Ulrich Sydlik ◽

Matthias Kroker ◽

Tamara Hornstein ◽

Niloofar Ale-Agha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Carbon Nanoparticles ◽

Compatible Solute ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health

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Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8030068 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Mahesh Padukudru Anand ◽

Kjell Larsson ◽

Gunnar Johanson ◽

Harish C. Phuleria ◽

P. Veeranna Ravindra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Screening Methods ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Biomass Smoke ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health

This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies. Field visits were included in the workshop prior to discussing these issues. The workshop concluded that multi-disciplinary approaches to perform: (a) indoor and personalized exposure assessment; (b) clinical and epidemiological field studies among children, adolescents, and adults; (c) controlled exposure experiments using physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models to understand molecular patho-mechanisms are warranted to dissect BMS-induced adverse health effects. It was perceived that assessment of dietary exposure (like phytochemical index) may serve as an important indicator for understanding potential protective mechanisms. Well trained field teams and close collaboration with the participating hospital were identified as the key requirements to successfully carry out the study objectives.

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Documented Clinical Side-Effects to Dental Amalgam

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374920060010601 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 131-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M.F. Ziff

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Dental Amalgam ◽

The Body ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

World Health ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Rate Of Absorption ◽

Health Organization ◽

Dental Amalgam Fillings

Since all dental restorative materials are foreign substances, their potential for producing adverse health effects is determined by their relative toxicity and bioavailability, as well as by host susceptibility. Adverse health effects to dental restoratives may be local in the oral cavity or systemic, depending on the ability of released components to enter the body and, if so, on their rate of absorption. The medical scientific community is now in general agreement that patients with dental amalgam fillings are chronically exposed to mercury, that the average daily absorption of mercury from dental amalgam is from 3 to 17 micrograms per day, and that the amalgam mercury absorption averages 1.25-6.5 times the average mercury absorption from dietary sources (World Health Organization, 1991). The health significance of this chronic mercury exposure is now being investigated by several medical research groups.

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