scholarly journals Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mahesh Padukudru Anand ◽  
Kjell Larsson ◽  
Gunnar Johanson ◽  
Harish C. Phuleria ◽  
P. Veeranna Ravindra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Biomass Smoke ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies. Field visits were included in the workshop prior to discussing these issues. The workshop concluded that multi-disciplinary approaches to perform: (a) indoor and personalized exposure assessment; (b) clinical and epidemiological field studies among children, adolescents, and adults; (c) controlled exposure experiments using physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models to understand molecular patho-mechanisms are warranted to dissect BMS-induced adverse health effects. It was perceived that assessment of dietary exposure (like phytochemical index) may serve as an important indicator for understanding potential protective mechanisms. Well trained field teams and close collaboration with the participating hospital were identified as the key requirements to successfully carry out the study objectives.

scholarly journals Signalling-Dependent Adverse Health Effects of Carbon Nanoparticles Are Prevented by the Compatible Solute Mannosylglycerate (Firoin) In Vitro and In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e111485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Autengruber ◽  
Ulrich Sydlik ◽  
Matthias Kroker ◽  
Tamara Hornstein ◽  
Niloofar Ale-Agha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

In vitro bioassays to evaluate beneficial and adverse health effects of botanicals: promises and pitfalls

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Prinsloo ◽  
Georgia Papadi ◽  
Mebrahtom G. Hiben ◽  
Laura de Haan ◽  
Jochem Louisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Particulate Matter and Nanoparticle Toxicology: A Review of theIn VivoandIn VitroStudies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Nemmar ◽  
Jørn A. Holme ◽  
Irma Rosas ◽  
Per E. Schwarze ◽  
Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) to adverse health effects, which may be registered as increased mortality and morbidity from various cardiopulmonary diseases. Despite the evidence relating PM to health effects, the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms causing such effects are still not fully characterized. Two main approaches are used to elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity. One is the use ofin vivoexperimental models, where various effects of PM on respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems can be evaluated. To more closely examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the different physiological effects, the use of variousin vitromodels has proven to be valuable. In the present review, we discuss the current advances on the toxicology of particulate matter and nanoparticles based on these techniques.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andújar ◽  
Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Zafra-Gómez ◽  
Rodrigo ◽  
Álvarez-Cubero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Made In

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.

scholarly journals Lack of adverse health effects following 30-weeks of dietary exposure to acrylamide at low doses in male F344 rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayadev Raju ◽  
Andrea Kocmarek ◽  
Jennifer Roberts ◽  
Marnie Taylor ◽  
Dominique Patry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Male F344 Rats

The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2encapsulated in emulsions: an in vitro and in vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Salvia-Trujillo ◽  
B. Fumiaki ◽  
Y. Park ◽  
D. J. McClements
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Lipid Droplet Size

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in some populations leading to adverse health effects, and therefore there is a need to supplement functional foods and beverages with this important micronutrient.

scholarly journals Portable XRF Technology to Quantify Pb in Bone In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron James Specht ◽  
Marc Weisskopf ◽  
Linda Huiling Nie
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Bone Lead ◽  
Calibration Methods

Lead is a ubiquitous toxicant. Bone lead has been established as an important biomarker for cumulative lead exposures and has been correlated with adverse health effects on many systems in the body. K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) is the standard method for measuring bone lead, but this approach has many difficulties that have limited the widespread use of this exposure assessment method. With recent advancements in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology, we have developed a portable system that can quantify lead in bone in vivo within 3 minutes. Our study investigated improvements to the system, four calibration methods, and system validation for in vivo measurements. Our main results show that the detection limit of the system is 2.9 ppm with 2 mm soft tissue thickness, the best calibration method for in vivo measurement is background subtraction, and there is strong correlation between KXRF and portable LXRF bone lead results. Our results indicate that the technology is ready to be used in large human population studies to investigate adverse health effects of lead exposure. The portability of the system and fast measurement time should allow for this technology to greatly advance the research on lead exposure and public/environmental health.

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