scholarly journals Change in Soil and Forest Floor Carbon after Shelterwood Harvests in a New England Oak-Hardwood Forest, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayanna L. Warren ◽  
Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Significant Difference

There has been effort worldwide to quantify how much carbon forests contain in order to designate appropriate offset credits to forest carbon climate mitigation. Carbon pools on or immediately below the soil surface are understood to be very active in response to environmental change but are not well understood. Our study focused on the effects of shelterwood regeneration harvests in New England on the carbon stored in litter, woody debris, and surface soil carbon. Results demonstrate significant difference in surface (0–10 cm) soil carbon between control (nonharvested) and harvested sites, with higher carbon percentage on control sites. Results showed a significant difference in coarse woody debris with higher amounts of carbon per area on harvested sites. No significant difference in litter mass was recorded between harvested and control sites. When coarse woody debris and litter are included with soil carbon, total carbon did not have a significant decline over 20 years following shelterwood treatment to the forest to secure regeneration, but there was considerable variability among sites. When taking all surface soil carbon measurements together, our results suggest that for accounting purposes the measurement of below-ground carbon after shelterwood harvests is not necessary for the southern New England region.

scholarly journals Carbon stock estimation of mangrove forest in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Normah Awang Besar ◽  
NURUL SYAKILAH SUHAILI ◽  
JIM LIEW JUN FEI ◽  
FAUZAN WAJDI SHA’ARI ◽  
MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN IDRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Stock Estimation ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

Abstract. Besar NA, Suhaili NS, Fei JLJ, Sha’ari FW, Idris MI, Hatta SH, Kodoh J. 2020. Carbon stock estimation of Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 5657-5664. Mangrove forest has a significant role in sequestering carbon gases from the atmosphere but there are lesser literature has been made on it. This research was conducted to quantify the aboveground, belowground and soil carbon stock in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Nine transect lines with 125 m length were established and a circle with 7 m radius was set in every 25 m. Forest inventory was done to get the diameter breast height of standing trees and soil sampling with four different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm and 50-100 cm) were taken for soil analysis and bulk density. Allometric equation was used to calculate aboveground and belowground biomass then its carbon stock was estimated as 50% from its total biomass. The result shows the total carbon stock in the study area was 441.72 Mg C ha-1, and soil has the highest value of carbon stock (351.98 ± 11.73 Mg C ha-1) followed by aboveground carbon (67.30 ± 20.55 Mg C ha-1) and belowground carbon (22.44 ± 0.17 Mg C ha-1). This study found that soil carbon stock made up almost 80% of the total carbon stock in the mangrove forest. This ecosystem also shows a higher value of carbon stock compared to other locations hence emphasized the importance of prioritizing a mangrove forest in any climate mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals The importance of coarse woody debris in dynamic phases exposure in the beech (Fagus orientalis L.) stands of Hyrcanian forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 408-422
Author(s):  
Vahid Etemad ◽  
Mohsen Javanmiri pour ◽  
Zeinab Foladi
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Stands

In a natural forest, phases of different dynamics are gradually replaced to create sustainability in the stands. Coarse woody debris is among the most significant structural elements of natural stands that perform an influential position in the identification of dynamic phases. Therefore, the focus of this study is on dead wood conditioning as one of the major structural components in determining the various dynamic phases in the northern forests of Iran as part of the temperate forests. For this study, compartment 326 of Gorazbon District was considered as one of the control parcels of Kheyroud Forest. In this parcel, 25 one-hectare sample plots were selected as permanent plots for a long-term forest structure and succession studies. The coarse woody debris by 100% sampling method was measured. The results showed that there are 8 main phases in this area (gap formation, understorey initiation, stem exclusion, volume accumulation, volume degradation, multiple, lighting, old-growth). The extensive forest area (52%) is located in the understorey initiation and stem exclusion phases. The results also showed that the total average volume of snags and logs was 41.5 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>. Furthermore, the mean dead wood volume in decay classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 10.33, 12.22, 9.15 and 83.9 m<sup>3</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. The average frequency of dead trees in the diameter classes smaller than 25 cm, 25–50 cm and in the diameter class more than 50 cm is 25.79, 6.93, and 4.88. The significance analysis results obtained by ANOVA test showed that there is a significant difference between volume, snag and log stock and the shape of dead wood in various dynamic phases. Therefore, in general, dead wood in the forest differs according to habitat, evolutionary stage (dynamic phases), standing volume and species diversity of the tree species.

Runoff and micromorphological properties of a grazed haplargid, near Cobar, NSW, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. B. Greene ◽  
W. D. Nettleton ◽  
C. J. Chartres ◽  
J. F. Leys ◽  
R. B. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Land System ◽  
Goat Grazing ◽  
Intensity Grazing ◽  
Very High

We investigated the effects of 2 different grazing regimes on the surface soil properties of a dunefield land system in the semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia. Sandy siliceous, thermic Xeric Haplargids (Siliceous Sands, Uc1·23) occur on the sandy, 2–4-m-high longitudinal dunes. Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Xeric Haplargids (Massive Red Earths, Uc2·13) occur in the swales between the dunes. We compared very high-intensity grazing (approx. 1 year) by feral goats with low-intensity grazing (approx. 4 years) by sheep. A rainfall simulator, applying water at the rate of 30 mm/h, measured the hydraulic properties of the surface soils formed under the 2 different grazing regimes. We examined undisturbed samples of the upper 5-cm layer of the soil surface using micromorphological techniques. In the swales, there were no differences in the effects of the 2 grazing regimes on soil properties. At low-intensity sheep grazing (0·2–0·3 sheep/ha), the soil surface on the dunes remained in an excellent condition. The surface had a good vegetative cover and consisted of either loosely packed sand grains, or areas where the sand grains were bonded together by clay and organic matter to form an organic crust. The total carbon content of the 0–2 cm depth of soil was 0·86%. Both soil surfaces have a high infiltration rate (i.e. >30 mm/h) and also appear to contain stable microaggregates of parna material distributed among the eolian sand grains. Very high-intensity goat grazing (up to 4·0 goats/ha) rapidly depleted the perennial grasses, killed most of the shrubs, and converted the soil surface on the dunes to one highly susceptible to erosion by wind. The low total carbon content (depth 0–2 cm) of 0·3% and absence of iron-stained clay coatings on the sands further support this view. The surface soil on the dunes in the very high-intensity goat-grazing plots consisted of either loosely packed sand grains or areas where poorly orientated clays coated the sand grains to form a strong, physical crust. We suggest that the physical crust may cause a change in the hydrology of the land system which may enhance the conditions for recruitment of unpalatable shrubs in the dune–swale interface. This increase in unpalatable shrubs and decrease in perennial grasses caused by the very high intensity goat grazing is therefore detrimental to the long-term productivity of these semi-arid lands.

scholarly journals Snag Longevity in Managed Northern Hardwoods

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Yamasaki ◽  
William B. Leak
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Bartlett Experimental Forest ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Little information on standing snag and coarse woody debris longevity exists for New England forest types. Forest managers thus lack the information on changes over time of the habitat components influenced by the decay process. We examined the fate of 568 snags that occurred on a long-termhardwood growth study on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, NH. Approximately one-third of the oldest dense hardwood sawtimber snags were still standing 20 to 25 years after death and 17% were still visible on the ground. Seventeen percent of the older moderately dense hardwood sawtimbersnags were standing 15 to 20 years after death, 50% were still visible on the ground, and 33% had decomposed. Pole-sized snags appear to stand for shorter times than sawtimber and large sawtimber snags. Percentage of decomposed poles increased steadily throughout the time periods.These results can be most useful in predicting future wildlife habitat conditions in managed stands, as well as providing better rates of decomposition information when modeling coarse woody debris.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in a larch forest in the Northern Daxing’an Mountains in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Qiuliang Zhang ◽  
Zhongtao Ma ◽  
Huijun Jin ◽  
Xiaoli Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Daxing’An Mountains

AbstractTemperature sensitivity of respiration of forest soils is important for its responses to climate warming and for the accurate assessment of soil carbon budget. The sensitivity of temperature (Ti) to soil respiration rate (Rs), and Q10 defined by e10(lnRs−lna)/Ti has been used extensively for indicating the sensitivity of soil respiration. The soil respiration under a larch (Larix gmelinii) forest in the northern Daxing’an Mountains, Northeast China was observed in situ from April to September, 2019 using the dynamic chamber method. Air temperatures (Tair), soil surface temperatures (T0cm), soil temperatures at depths of 5 and 10 cm (T5cm and T10cm, respectively), and soil-surface water vapor concentrations were monitored at the same time. The results show a significant monthly variability in soil respiration rate in the growing season (April–September). The Q10 at the surface and at depths of 5 and 10 cm was estimated at 5.6, 6.3, and 7.2, respectively. The Q10@10 cm over the period of surface soil thawing (Q10@10 cm, thaw = 36.89) were significantly higher than that of the growing season (Q10@10 cm, growth = 3.82). Furthermore, the Rs in the early stage of near-surface soil thawing and in the middle of the growing season is more sensitive to changes in soil temperatures. Soil temperature is thus the dominant factor for season variations in soil respiration, but rainfall is the main controller for short-term fluctuations in respiration. Thus, the higher sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature (Q10) is found in the middle part of the growing season. The monthly and seasonal Q10 values better reflect the responsiveness of soil respiration to changes in hydrometeorology and ground freeze-thaw processes. This study may help assess the stability of the soil carbon pool and strength of carbon fluxes in the larch forested permafrost regions in the northern Daxing’an Mountains.

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