scholarly journals The Architecture of Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: Understanding Asia in the Context of Global Findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
John Attia ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
Rodney J. Scott ◽  
Elizabeth G. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is rising rapidly in both developed and developing countries. Asia is developing as the epicentre of the escalating pandemic, reflecting rapid transitions in demography, migration, diet, and lifestyle patterns. The effective management of Type 2 diabetes in Asia may be complicated by differences in prevalence, risk factor profiles, genetic risk allele frequencies, and gene-environment interactions between different Asian countries, and between Asian and other continental populations. To reduce the worldwide burden of T2D, it will be important to understand the architecture of T2D susceptibility both within and between populations. This review will provide an overview of known genetic and nongenetic risk factors for T2D, placing the results from Asian studies in the context of broader global research. Given recent evidence from large-scale genetic studies of T2D, we place special emphasis on emerging knowledge about the genetic architecture of T2D and the potential contribution of genetic effects to population differences in risk.

scholarly journals Integrating Genetics and the Plasma Proteome to Predict the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Carrasco Zanini ◽  
Maik Pietzner ◽  
Claudia Langenberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Plasma Proteome ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Proteomic Data

Abstract Purpose of the Review Proteins are the central layer of information transfer from genome to phenome and represent the largest class of drug targets. We review recent advances in high-throughput technologies that provide comprehensive, scalable profiling of the plasma proteome with the potential to improve prediction and mechanistic understanding of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent Findings Technological and analytical advancements have enabled identification of novel protein biomarkers and signatures that help to address challenges of existing approaches to predict and screen for T2D. Genetic studies have so far revealed putative causal roles for only few of the proteins that have been linked to T2D, but ongoing large-scale genetic studies of the plasma proteome will help to address this and increase our understanding of aetiological pathways and mechanisms leading to diabetes. Summary Studies of the human plasma proteome have started to elucidate its potential for T2D prediction and biomarker discovery. Future studies integrating genomic and proteomic data will provide opportunities to prioritise drug targets and identify pathways linking genetic predisposition to T2D development.

scholarly journals Sugar and type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEJ Lean ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Dietary Sugars ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

© The Author 2016. Background: Consumption of sugar, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages, has been widely held responsible by the media for the global rise in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Sources of data: Systematic reviews and dietary guidelines relating dietary sugars to T2DM. Areas of agreement: Weight gain and T2DM incidence are associated with diet and lifestyle patterns characterized by high consumptions of any sweetened beverages. High sugar intakes impair risk factors for macrovascular complications of T2DM. Areas of controversy: Much of the association between sugars and T2DM is eliminated by adjusting data for body mass index (BMI). However, BMI adjustment does not fully account for adiposity (r2=0.65-0.75). Excess sugar can promote weight gain, thus T2DM, through extra calories, but has no unique diabetogenic effect at physiological levels. Growing points: Ethical concerns about caffeine added to sweetened beverages, undetectable by consumers, to increase consumption. Areas timely for developing research: Evidence needed for limiting dietary sugar below 10% energy intake.

scholarly journals Sugar and type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEJ Lean ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dietary Sugar ◽  
Dietary Sugars ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

© The Author 2016. Background: Consumption of sugar, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages, has been widely held responsible by the media for the global rise in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Sources of data: Systematic reviews and dietary guidelines relating dietary sugars to T2DM. Areas of agreement: Weight gain and T2DM incidence are associated with diet and lifestyle patterns characterized by high consumptions of any sweetened beverages. High sugar intakes impair risk factors for macrovascular complications of T2DM. Areas of controversy: Much of the association between sugars and T2DM is eliminated by adjusting data for body mass index (BMI). However, BMI adjustment does not fully account for adiposity (r2=0.65-0.75). Excess sugar can promote weight gain, thus T2DM, through extra calories, but has no unique diabetogenic effect at physiological levels. Growing points: Ethical concerns about caffeine added to sweetened beverages, undetectable by consumers, to increase consumption. Areas timely for developing research: Evidence needed for limiting dietary sugar below 10% energy intake.

Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey among Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2393-PUB
Author(s):  
KENICHIRO TAKAHASHI ◽  
MINORI SHINODA ◽  
RIKA SAKAMOTO ◽  
JUN SUZUKI ◽  
TADASHI YAMAKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Survey

Gene-environment Interaction on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Ethnic Minority Populations Living in Europe and North America: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Zafarmand ◽  
Parvin Tajik ◽  
René Spijker ◽  
Charles Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

Background: The body of evidence on gene-environment interaction (GEI) related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) has grown in the recent years. However, most studies on GEI have sought to explain variation within individuals of European ancestry and results among ethnic minority groups are inconclusive. Objective: To investigate any interaction between a gene and an environmental factor in relation to T2D among ethnic minority groups living in Europe and North America. Methods: We systematically searched Medline and EMBASE databases for the published literature in English up to 25th March 2019. The screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by reviewers independently. Results: 1068 studies identified through our search, of which nine cohorts of six studies evaluating several different GEIs were included. The mean follow-up time in the included studies ranged from 5 to 25.7 years. Most studies were relatively small scale and few provided replication data. All studies included in the review included ethnic minorities from North America (Native-Americans, African- Americans, and Aboriginal Canadian), none of the studies in Europe assessed GEI in relation to T2D incident in ethnic minorities. The only significant GEI among ethnic minorities was HNF1A rs137853240 and smoking on T2D incident among Native-Canadians (Pinteraction = 0.006). Conclusion: There is a need for more studies on GEI among ethnicities, broadening the spectrum of ethnic minority groups being investigated, performing more discovery using genome-wide approaches, larger sample sizes for these studies by collaborating efforts such as the InterConnect approach, and developing a more standardized method of reporting GEI studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Improving the management of type 2 diabetes through large-scale general practice: the role of a data-driven and technology-enabled education programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001087
Author(s):  
Tarek F Radwan ◽  
Yvette Agyako ◽  
Alireza Ettefaghian ◽  
Tahira Kamran ◽  
Omar Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Treatment Targets ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
Data Driven Approach

A quality improvement (QI) scheme was launched in 2017, covering a large group of 25 general practices working with a deprived registered population. The aim was to improve the measurable quality of care in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) care had previously proved challenging. A complex set of QI interventions were co-designed by a team of primary care clinicians and educationalists and managers. These interventions included organisation-wide goal setting, using a data-driven approach, ensuring staff engagement, implementing an educational programme for pharmacists, facilitating web-based QI learning at-scale and using methods which ensured sustainability. This programme was used to optimise the management of T2D through improving the eight care processes and three treatment targets which form part of the annual national diabetes audit for patients with T2D. With the implemented improvement interventions, there was significant improvement in all care processes and all treatment targets for patients with diabetes. Achievement of all the eight care processes improved by 46.0% (p<0.001) while achievement of all three treatment targets improved by 13.5% (p<0.001). The QI programme provides an example of a data-driven large-scale multicomponent intervention delivered in primary care in ethnically diverse and socially deprived areas.

Genomic regulation of type 2 diabetes endophenotypes: Contribution from genetic studies in the Goto-Kakizaki rat

Biochimie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau ◽  
Marc-Emmanuel Dumas ◽  
Mark Lathrop ◽  
Dominique Gauguier
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genomic Regulation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document