Synchronized Dual Pulse Gastric Electrical Stimulation Induces Activation of Enteric Glial Cells in Rats with Diabetic Gastroparesis

Objective.The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of synchronized dual pulse gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on gastric motility in different periods for diabetic rats and try to explore the possible mechanisms of the effects.Methods.Forty-six rats were used in the study. Gastric slow waves were recorded at baseline, 7–14-day diabetes and 56–63-day diabetes before and after stimulation and the age-matched control groups. SGES-60 mins and SGES-7 days (60 mins/day) were performed to test the effects on gastric motility and to evaluate glial marker S100B expression in stomach.Results.(1) Gastric emptying was accelerated in 7–14-day diabetes and delayed in 56–63-day diabetes. (2) The S100B expression in 56–63-day diabetes decreased and the ultrastructure changed. (3) The age-associated loss of EGC was observed in 56–63-day control group. (4) SGES was able to not only accelerate gastric emptying but also normalize gastric slow waves. (5) The S100B expression increased after SGES and the ultrastructure of EGC was partially restored. The effect of SGES-7 days was superior to SGES-60 mins.Conclusions.Delayed gastric emptying due to the growth of age may be related to the EGC inactivation. The effects of the SGES on gastric motility may be associated with EGC activation.

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Synchronized gastric electrical stimulation improves vagotomy-induced impairment in gastric accommodation via the nitrergic pathway in dogs

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.90525.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 296 (2) ◽

pp. G310-G318 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jie Chen ◽

Thillai Koothan ◽

Jiande D. Z. Chen

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Slow Waves ◽

Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽

Proximal Stomach ◽

Gastric Accommodation ◽

Gastric Tone ◽

Gastric Dysrhythmia ◽

Gastric Slow Waves

Impaired gastric accommodation and gastric dysrhythmia are common in gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Recent studies have shown that synchronized gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) accelerates gastric emptying and enhances antral contractions in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of SGES on gastric accommodation and slow waves impaired by vagotomy in dogs. Gastric tone, compliance, and accommodation as well as slow waves with and without SGES were assessed in seven female regular dogs and seven dogs with bilateral truncal vagotomy, chronically implanted with gastric serosal electrodes and a gastric cannula. We found that 1) vagotomy impaired gastric accommodation that was normalized by SGES. The postprandial increase in gastric volume was 283.5 ± 50.6 ml in the controlled dogs, 155.2 ± 49.2 ml in the vagotomized dogs, and 304.0 ± 57.8 ml in the vagotomized dogs with SGES. The ameliorating effect of SGES was no longer observed after application of Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA); 2) vagotomy did not alter gastric compliance whereas SGES improved gastric compliance in the vagotomized dogs, and the improvement was also blocked by l-NNA; and 3) vagotomy impaired antral slow wave rhythmicity in both fasting and fed states. SGES at the proximal stomach enhanced the postprandial rhythmicity and amplitude (dominant power) of the gastric slow waves in the antrum. In conclusion, SGES with appropriate parameters restores gastric accommodation and improves gastric slow waves impaired by vagotomy. The improvement in gastric accommodation with SGES is mediated via the nitrergic pathway. Combined with previously reported findings (enhanced antral contractions and accelerated gastric emptying) and findings in this study (improved gastric accommodation and slow waves), SGES may be a viable therapy for gastroparesis.

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Improvement of Gastric Motility with Gastric Electrical Stimulation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Digestion ◽

10.1159/000081516 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Jinsong Liu ◽

Xian Qiao ◽

Maria-Adelaide Micci ◽

Pankaj J. Pasricha ◽

J.D.Z. Chen

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Gastric Motility ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Gastric Electrical Stimulation

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Synchronized gastric electrical stimulation improves delayed gastric emptying in nonobese mice with diabetic gastroparesis

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1560-1564 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Geng-Qing Song ◽

Jiande D. Z. Chen

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Nod Mice ◽

Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽

Diabetic Gastroparesis ◽

Control Group ◽

Excitatory Effect ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Nonobese Diabetic

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of synchronized gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on gastric emptying in nonobese mice with diabetic gastroparesis (DB-GP). Eight control mice and 48 nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with two pairs of gastric electrodes were used in this study. The study included seven groups in a randomized order [control, diabetes (DB), DB-GP, DB + SGES, DB-GP + SGES, DB-GP + Atropine, and DB-GP + SGES + Atropine groups]. In the control, DB, DB-GP, and DB-GP + Atropine groups, gastric emptying was measured in BLAB/cJ mice (control group) or NOD mice with a duration of diabetes of 0–7 days (DB group) or 28–35 days (DB-GP or DB-GP + Atropine group). In the DB + SGES, DB-GP + SGES, and DB-GP + SGES + Atropine groups, the experiment was the same as the corresponding DB, DB-GP, and DB-GP + Atropine groups except that SGES was applied during the experiment. SGES was applied via the proximal pair of electrodes and synchronized with the intrinsic gastric slow waves. The following results were obtained: 1) gastric emptying was delayed in NOD mice with a duration of diabetes of 28–35 days; 2) SGES was able to significantly increase gastric emptying in both diabetic mice and diabetic gastroparetic mice; and 3) the excitatory effect of SGES was completely blocked by atropine. SGES accelerates gastric emptying in NOD mice with diabetic gastroparesis. The effect of SGES on gastric emptying is mediated via the cholinergic pathway. These findings suggest that SGES may have a therapeutic potential for treating patients with diabetic gastroparesis.

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The effect of gastric electrical stimulation on canine gastric slow waves

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00477.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (6) ◽

pp. G956-G962 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jinhong Xing ◽

Frederick Brody ◽

Michael Rosen ◽

J. D. Z. Chen ◽

Edy Soffer

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Short Pulse ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Slow Waves ◽

Gastric Electrical Stimulation ◽

Pulse Trains ◽

Gastric Slow Waves ◽

Greater Curvature ◽

Long Pulse

This study determined the most efficient parameters of low-frequency/long-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (GES) required to entrain gastric slow waves and also evaluated the effect of entrainment and high-frequency, short-pulse GES on gastric electrical activity (GEA). Nine dogs were fitted with stimulation wires along the greater curvature. Entrainment was observed in six or seven animals, with long-pulse GES at six cycles per minute (cpm), at various combinations of current and pulse width and was directly related to the energy delivered. Entrainment was observed in four to seven animals, with GES at 12 cpm, and the maximal driven frequency was 6 cpm. Entrainment did not significantly increase the dominant power of GEA. High-frequency, short-pulse GES, using pulse trains of 14 Hz, 5 mA, and 330 μs, with 0.1 s on and 5 s off, and pulse trains of 40 Hz, 10 mA, and 330 μs, with 2 s on 3 s off, did not affect variables of GEA. We conclude that acute low-frequency GES but not high-frequency, short-pulse GES can entrain slow waves; the power of slow waves is not affected by either type of stimulation.

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