scholarly journals The Effect of Quality Tracing System on Safety of Agricultural Product

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Bin Zhou

Frequent occurrence of food safety incidents in recent years has made analyzing safety of agricultural product in view of contract theory become academic research focus. Based on incentive theory, in this paper we establish a static game under the condition of asymmetric information and analyze how the “company + farmer” contract is influenced by a complete quality tracing system composed of ex-ante inspection and ex-post traceability. Meanwhile, we find out that a complete quality tracing system can increase the safety level of agricultural product and that ex-ante inspection and ex-post traceability can replace each other in the process. Finally, we put forward policy suggestion for the policy-maker to solve the problem of food safety.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hou ◽  
Linhai Wu ◽  
Xiujuan Chen ◽  
Dian Zhu ◽  
Ruiyao Ying ◽  
...  

In this study, traceability in pork profile information with ex-ante quality assurance and ex-post traceability are constructed. Consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for traceability information is investigated in Wuxi, China, by combining the Multiple Price Lists method and the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) experimental auction. The main factors affecting consumers’ WTP are also analyzed using a Tobit model. The results demonstrate that consumers have higher WTP for ex-ante quality assurance than for ex-post traceability. The highest WTP is for the ex-ante quality assurance attribute of pork quality inspection. Consumers’ WTP for traceability information is influenced by their individual characteristics, including age, education and income, as well as their concern and satisfaction about food safety and confidence in food safety labeling. The contribution of this paper is that it improves the meaning of traceable food information attributes and measures the significance of attributes to consumers. Furthermore, this paper introduces a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak experimental auction method which amends the measurement deviation of hypothetical experiments.



Author(s):  
Alessandro Dovis ◽  
Rishabh Kirpalani

AbstractThis article studies the optimal design of rules in a dynamic model when there is a time inconsistency problem and uncertainty about whether the policy maker can commit to follow the rule ex post. The policy maker can either be a commitment type, which can always commit to follow rules, or an optimizing type, which sequentially decides whether to follow rules or not. This type is unobservable to private agents, who learn about it through the actions of the policy maker. Higher beliefs that the policy maker is the commitment type (i.e. the policy maker’s reputation) help promote good behaviour by private agents. We show that in a large class of economies, preserving uncertainty about the policy maker’s type is preferable from an ex ante perspective. If the initial reputation is not too high, the optimal rule is the strictest one that is incentive compatible for the optimizing type. We show that reputational considerations imply that the optimal rule is more lenient than the one that would arise in a static environment. Moreover, opaque rules are preferable to transparent ones if reputation is high enough.



2011 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Mario Quagliarello
Keyword(s):  
Ex Post ◽  

L'analisi d'impatto della regolamentazione (AIR) č lo strumento utilizzato per valutare le possibili conseguenze economiche di normative in corso di definizione (AIR ex ante) o gli effetti concreti di quelle giŕ realizzate (AIR ex post). In tale ottica, l'AIR si configura quale caso particolare di valutazione delle politiche pubbliche, sebbene con caratteristiche e profili peculiari che la rendono al tempo stesso potenzialmente piů utile, ma particolarmente complessa. Questo articolo analizza il contributo che l'approccio controfattuale puň fornire all'AIR in campo finanziario e ne analizza i possibili problemi applicativi. Nel settore finanziario, l'approccio controfattuale č ostacolato, in primo luogo, dalla circostanza che le regole sono nella generalitŕ dei casi universali, rendendo non applicabili le metodologie che si basano sul confronto della dinamica della variabile obiettivo tra soggetti trattati e non trattati. L'analisi pre/post č un'opzione percorribile, sebbene non sia agevole individuare quale sia la vera situazione controfattuale perché il sistema finanziario tende ad essere sempre regolato. I problemi si moltiplicano nel caso - di gran lunga piů comune - in cui le analisi d'impatto debbano essere condotte ex ante. In tal caso, si verifica infatti l'inversione del paradigma controfattuale: si osserva una situazione fattuale nella quale le regole non sono state ancora introdotte e si deve (tentare di) individuare cosa accadrebbe in una situazione controfattuale in cui la regolamentazione č stata introdotta. In un contesto, come quello italiano, in cui l'AIR deve essere condotta su ogni nuova regolamentazione, a prescindere dalla effettiva disponibilitŕ di dati quantitativi, le analisi empiriche non possono dunque essere l'unico strumento di valutazione. Nell'impossibilitŕ di condurre una robusta analisi controfattuale, le informazioni ottenibili dalla valutazione theory-based forniscono comunque un contributo all'analisi della probabilitŕ di successo di una determinata regolamentazione (potrebbe/dovrebbe funzionare?). Per quanto non statisticamente rigorosa, si fornisce in questo modo una risposta pragmatica al policy maker, tanto piů importante quanto piů la scarsitŕ di dati e la necessitŕ di intervenire prontamente escludono analisi di tipo controfattuale.



CFA Digest ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Ann C. Logue
Keyword(s):  
Ex Post ◽  


1993 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Pierre Malgrange ◽  
Silvia Mira d'Ercole
Keyword(s):  
Ex Post ◽  


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riadh Belhaj ◽  
Didier Maillard ◽  
Roland Portait


Author(s):  
Richard Adelstein

This chapter elaborates the operation of criminal liability by closely considering efficient crimes and the law’s stance toward them, shows how its commitment to proportional punishment prevents the probability scaling that systemically efficient allocation requires, and discusses the procedures that determine the actual liability prices imposed on offenders. Efficient crimes are effectively encouraged by proportional punishment, and their nature and implications are examined. But proportional punishment precludes probability scaling, and induces far more than the systemically efficient number of crimes. Liability prices that match the specific costs imposed by the offender at bar are sought through a two-stage procedure of legislative determination of punishment ranges ex ante and judicial determination of exact prices ex post, which creates a dilemma: whether to price crimes accurately in the past or deter them accurately in the future. An illustrative Supreme Court case bringing all these themes together is discussed in conclusion.



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