scholarly journals Rejection of Organic Micropollutants by Clean and Fouled Nanofiltration Membranes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Diethyl Phthalate ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Acid Esters

The rejection of organic micropollutants, including three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three phthalic acid esters (PAEs), by clean and fouled nanofiltration membranes was investigated in the present study. The rejection of organic micropollutants by clean NF90 membranes varied from 87.9 to more than 99.9%, while that of NF270 membranes ranged from 32.1 to 92.3%. Clear time-dependence was observed for the rejection of hydrophobic micropollutants, which was attributed to the adsorption of micropollutants on the membrane. Fouling with humic acid had a negligible influence on the rejection of organic micropollutants by NF90 membranes, while considerable effects were observed with NF270 membranes, which are significantly looser than NF90 membranes. The observed enhancement in the rejection of organic micropollutants by fouled NF270 membranes was attributed to pore blocking, which was a dominating fouling mechanism for loose NF membranes. Changes in the ionic strength (from 10 to 20 mM) reduced micropollutant rejection by both fouled NF membranes, especially for the rejection of dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate by NF270 membranes (from 65.8 to 25.0% for dimethyl phthalate and 75.6 to 33.3% for diethyl phthalate).

Ultrasonic Wave Extraction and Simultaneous Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Phthalic Esters in Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1555-1559
Author(s):  
Yong Tao Zhang ◽  
Guo Xing Zhao ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ya Li ◽  
Jian Ye Gui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Acid Esters

A method was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) in soil sample. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction under airtight circumstance was adopted to extract the analyte in soil sample with n-hexane acetone (V:V=1:1) to be extraction solvent. This method has advantages of high efficiency extraction, short time, convenience and simplicity, which can be popularized in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) detection in soil.

Investigation of the Presence and Possible Migration from Microplastics of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kida ◽  
Piotr Koszelnik
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract The work detailed here examined the presence and possibility of leaching of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from various products in everyday use. Due to the complicated matrix, which is plastic, extraction parameters should be selected separately each time. The properties of both the extractant and the material selected for testing should also be taken into account, which is very difficult in practice. In addition, when designing new methods, it is particularly important to take into account the principles of green chemistry so as not to burden the environment additionally. For this purpose, it is important to know the factors that affect the extraction of impurities. Therefore, the main objective was to assess the impact of selected environmental conditions on the process by which such pollutants in plastics like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and rubber migrate. Analysis inter alia addressed the impacts of type of plastic, migration time, temperature and microplastic particle size. It proved possible to note the presence in PVC and rubber of both PAEs and PAHs—as substances posing a particular threat to the environment. One of the former is the commonly-used plasticiser di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a listed priority hazardous substance under the provisions of Directive 2013/39/EU as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. As monitoring of this substance in the environment indicates amounts that are increasing steadily, the design of effective removal methods needs to start with initial estimates of amounts appearing in the environment over time. Main sources need to be explored, albeit in the certain knowledge that the ubiquitous microplastics are among these, inter alia as influenced by elution mechanisms. An attempt was also made to identify and characterise other auxiliary substances added to plastics as they are being produced. Indeed, chromatograms and GC/MS spectra suggest leaching of many other plastic substances. Relationships between eluted pollutants were also sought.

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