scholarly journals Exosomes in the Repair of Bone Defects: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Nonunion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lu ◽  
Qi-Yang Wang ◽  
Jia-Gen Sheng

Nonunion with bone defects, a common complication after long bone fracture, is a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons worldwide because of the high incidence rate and difficulties in achieving successful treatment. Bone defects are the main complications of nonunion. The conventional biological treatments for nonunion with bone defects involve the use of autologous bone grafts or bone graft substitutes and cell-based therapy. Traditional nonunion treatments have always been associated with safety issues and various other complications. Bone grafts have limited autologous cancellous bone and there is a risk of infection. Additionally, problems with bone graft substitutes, including rejection and stimulation of bone formation, have been noted, and the health of the stem cell niche is a major consideration in cell-based therapy. In recent years, researchers have found that exosomes can be used to deliver functional RNA and mediate cell-to-cell communication, suggesting that exosomes may repair bone defects by regulating cells and cytokines involved in bone metabolism. In this review, we highlight the possible relationships between risk factors for nonunion and exosomes. Additionally, we discuss the roles of exosomes in bone metabolism and bone regeneration.

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Johnson ◽  
Kerek E. Frierson ◽  
Tony S. Keller ◽  
Charles Cook ◽  
Robert Scheinberg ◽  
...  

Injury ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hakimi ◽  
P. Jungbluth ◽  
M. Sager ◽  
M. Betsch ◽  
M. Herten ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3791-3797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clauss ◽  
Andrej Trampuz ◽  
Olivier Borens ◽  
Marc Bohner ◽  
Thomas Ilchmann

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 2426-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Ergun ◽  
Xiaojun Yu ◽  
Antonio Valdevit ◽  
Arthur Ritter ◽  
Dilhan M. Kalyon

Microsurgery ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Xenakis ◽  
Konstantinos N. Malizos ◽  
Alexandros E. Beris ◽  
Marios Vekris ◽  
Anastasios D. Georgoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Holger Freischmidt ◽  
Jonas Armbruster ◽  
Emma Bonner ◽  
Thorsten Guehring ◽  
Dennis Nurjadi ◽  
...  

Non-unions continue to present a challenge to trauma surgeons, as current treatment options are limited, duration of treatment is long, and the outcome often unsatisfactory. Additionally, standard treatment with autologous bone grafts is associated with comorbidity at the donor site. Therefore, alternatives to autologous bone grafts and further therapeutic strategies to improve on the outcome and reduce cost for care providers are desirable. In this study in Sprague–Dawley rats we employed a recently established sequential defect model, which provides a platform to test new potential therapeutic strategies on non-unions while gaining mechanistic insight into their actions. The effects of a combinatorial treatment of a bone graft substitute (HACaS+G) implantation and systemic PTH administration was assessed by µ-CT, histological analysis, and bio-mechanical testing and compared to monotreatment and controls. Although neither PTH alone nor the combination of a bone graft substitute and PTH led to the formation of a stable union, our data demonstrate a clear osteoinductive and osteoconductive effect of the bone graft substitute. Additionally, PTH administration was shown to induce vascularization, both as a single adjuvant treatment and in combination with the bone graft substitute. Thus, systemic PTH administration is a potential synergistic co-treatment to bone graft substitutes.


1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Ik Dong Kim ◽  
Poong Taek Kim ◽  
Byung Chul Park ◽  
Young Wook Choi ◽  
Young Goo Lyu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-273
Author(s):  
Jae Hyuk Yang ◽  
Juliane D. Glaeser ◽  
Linda E. A. Kanim ◽  
Carmen Y. Battles ◽  
Shrikar Bondre ◽  
...  

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