scholarly journals The Effect of Differential Attentional Focus Strategies on the Performance of Military Elite Shooters

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Amin Amini ◽  
Mohammad Vaezmousavi
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Focus Strategies ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Target Center

Background and Objective. The effect of attentional focus strategies on performance has been an interesting area of investigation, especially when the precision of performance is of significance. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of different attentional focus strategies on performance precision of elite military shooters. Methods. This study is semiexperimental with an intragroup design. A number of 10 military marksmen (30-42 years old) with at least 10 years of experience in shooting performed under four attentional focus strategies in a counterbalanced design. In each strategy, two blocks (each consisting of 20 trials) were conducted. Shooters’ performance was recorded using SCATT device and analyzed using the factorial variance analysis with repeated measure. Results. Results showed that the interactional effects of internal-external/relevant-irrelevant focuses of attention were significant on shooting record, shooting accumulation, and stability on the target center. Results suggest that the external-relevant attentional focus strategies were more effective than other focus strategies. Conclusion. The results of the study support the hypothesis that external-relevant attentional focus produced better scores, better accumulation, more stability at the target center, and less average fluctuation. Therefore, this attentional focus strategy improves performance precision of military elite shooters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Attentional Focus Strategy on Physiological and Motor Performance During a Sit-Up Exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Justine Brown
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Association Condition ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Focus Strategies

The attentional focus of an individual can influence performance and physiological outcomes during strength training exercises. However, prior research has largely investigated this issue with male participants performing a biceps curl exercise and has not investigated the full range of attentional focus strategies. In the present experiment, 24 females did a sit-up exercise while adopting an associative or dissociative strategy of attending to cues that were external or internal to result in four conditions: external association, internal association, external dissociation, and internal dissociation. The external association condition produced the lowest electromyographic activity of the abdominal muscles, the lowest heart rate, and the greatest range of movement. The internal dissociation condition produced the lowest level of exercise satisfaction. The results suggest that a focus on the effects of muscle action is the most economical and least strenuous way to exercise with sit-ups and similar forms of exercise.

scholarly journals To Focus or Not to Focus: Is Attention on the Core Components of Action Beneficial for Cycling Performance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bertollo ◽  
Selenia di Fronso ◽  
Edson Filho ◽  
Vito Lamberti ◽  
Patrizio Ripari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Type 3

We conducted a counterbalanced repeated measure trial to investigate the effect of different internal and external associative strategies on endurance performance. Seventeen college-aged students were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions to test the notion that different attention-performance types (optimal Type 1, functional Type 2, and dysfunctional Type 3) would influence endurance time on a cycling task. Specifically, Type 1 represented an effortless and automatic, “flow-feeling” attentional mode. Type 2 referred to an associative focus directed at core components of the task. Type 3 represented an attentional focus directed at irrelevant components of the task. Participants completed three time-to-exhaustion-tests while reporting their perceived exertion and affective states (arousal and hedonic tone). Results revealed that Type 1 and Type 2 attentional strategies, compared with Type 3 strategy, exerted functional effects on performance, whereas a Type 3 strategy was linked to lower performance, and lower levels of arousal and pleasantness. Applied implications are discussed.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1572-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel S. Moore ◽  
Daniel J. Phillips ◽  
Kelly J. Ashford ◽  
Richard Mullen ◽  
Thomas Goom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Gait Retraining ◽  
Focus Strategies

An External Focus of Attention Improves Stability After a Perturbation During a Dynamic Balance Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Ducharme ◽  
Will F.W. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
External Information ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Focus Condition ◽  
Focus Strategies

An external focus of attention has been shown to improve balance measures during static postural tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different attentional focus strategies in response to a perturbation while performing a dynamic balance task. Participants (n = 29) performed a dynamic balance task that consisted of stepping onto an uneven surface while attempting to continuously walk in a straight line. The orientation of the surface was unknown to the participants. During the external focus conditions, participants were instructed to focus on the surface they walked on. During the internal focus conditions, participants were instructed to focus on keeping their body over their feet. Analyses revealed that the external focus condition exhibited significantly less lateral displacement from the intended walking line following the perturbation (4.56 ± 2.56 cm) than the internal (5.61 ± 2.89 cm, p = .019) and baseline (6.07 ± 2.6 cm, p = .004) conditions. These data indicate that participants were more resilient to the perturbing surface when their attention was focused on external information. Thus, participants were able to respond to a perturbation more effectively when utilizing an external focus of attention.

scholarly journals Cleft constructions and focus strategies in Modern Armenian

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Victoria Khurshudyan ◽  
Anaïd Donabédian
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Cleft Constructions ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Focus Strategies

Abstract Cleft constructions are one of the possible focus strategies available in Modern Armenian alongside prosody and specific syntactic constructions. Cleft constructions in Modern Armenian are biclausal constructions with a matrix clause and a relative-like clause, with an identificational clause as a matrix clause headed by a copula (in present or past), while in the relative-like clause introduced by the main subordinator, the relativized argument is coindexed with the argument of the copula. Though typologically cleft constructions are considered typical of languages with rigid word order, they are common in Modern Armenian, a language with flexible word order. It is argued that the intensity of focalization depends on the strategy used, with simple prosody marking associated with the lowest level of intensity, and preverbal position and clefts associated with intermediate and high-intensity focalization respectively. The corpus-based data show an unequal distribution of clefted pronouns as predicate clefts (impersonal with no agreement) and subject clefts (copular verb coindexed with personal pronouns as a subject) depending on the person and the polarity. The existence of cleft-like constructions in Classical Armenian and both Modern Armenian standards is argued to be evidence of diachronic continuity and a possible grammaticalization path from cleft constructions to the auxiliary movement focus strategy.

scholarly journals Pre-verbal focus in Kisikongo (H16a, Bantu)

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 95-122
Author(s):  
Jasper De Kind
Keyword(s):  
Focus Position ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Bantu Language ◽  
Cleft Constructions ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Focus Strategies

The present paper aims at describing different pre-verbal focus strategies in Kisikongo (H16a), spoken in the vicinity of Mbanza Kongo, northern Angola. This western Bantu language is part of the Kikongo Language Cluster (KLC), stretching from southern Gabon to northern Angola, including Cabinda and parts of Congo-Brazzaville and Congo-Kinshasa. Kikongo exhibits a clause-internal pre-verbal argument focus position, which has rarely been reported in Bantu languages, except in Mbuun (B87) (Bostoen and Mundeke 2012) and Nsong (B85d) (Koni Muluwa and Bostoen, this volume), both spoken in the neighboring Kwilu region of the DRC. The more extensively studied eastern and southern Bantu languages generally have a post-verbal argument focus position (cf. Watters 1979, Morimoto 2000, Creissels 2004, Güldemann 2007, Buell 2009, van der Wal 2009, among others). In addition to this mono-clausal argument focus strategy, Kisikongo also relies on different bi-clausal constructions to focus arguments, i.e. cleft-constructions.  

Attentional Focus in NCAA Division 1 Golfers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Louisa D. Raisbeck
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Focus Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the focus of attention NCAA Division 1 golfers use during practice and competition. A secondary purpose was to determine who was most influential in the focus of attention strategies adopted by NCAA Division 1 golfers. We collected observational data by attending practice sessions, conducting semistructured interviews, and administering guided focus groups. Results revealed two major themes pertaining to the focus of attention adopted by our sample of NCAA Division 1 golfers: situational focus and reactivity focus. Situational focus refers to the focus used within a specific context, and reactivity focus refers to the focus golfers adopt because of a psychological state. Further, our results revealed the importance of esteemed individuals’ instruction on the development of attentional focus strategies. Parents, coaches, and popular media were highly influential in our sample of NCAA Division 1 golfers’ selection of attentional focus strategies.

Impact of Porter’s Generic Strategy on Firm Performance with reference to Nepalese Retail Banking Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (i) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
Generic Strategy ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Generic Strategies ◽  
Focus Strategies

Porter’s generic strategies are the proven and pervasive strategic options in achieving competitiveness and better firm performance. This paper aims in examining the effect of Porter’s generic strategies (low-cost, differentiation, and focus) on firm performance in the context of Nepalese retail banks, a more competitive service industry. This study applies casual comparative research design and the data have been collected through administering questionnaire survey from 75 senior bank managers of 18 Nepalese commercial banks who being engaged in strategic affairs. The econometric model has been constructed to measure the expected effect of the strategies on firm performance. The descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were conducted. The empirical results of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis produced consistent results indicating positive associations between generic strategies and firm performance. The empirical results from regression analysis declared higher positive and significant impact of low-cost on firm performance. Similarly, positive effect of differentiation strategy and focus strategy on firm performance was reported. The findings suggested that pursuing low cost strategy provides more financial returns with comparison to differentiation and focus strategies. The finding also suggested for combination of low-cost and differentiation (and focus) strategies could provide better competitiveness and firm performance. Keywords: Generic Strategy, Low-cost strategy, Differentiation strategy, Focus strategy, Firm performance

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