scholarly journals A PDE for Smooth Isometric Immersion of an Open Set of the Hyperbolic Plane ℍ 2 into ℝ 4

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mor Dione ◽  
Bira Gaye Diop ◽  
Athoumane Niang
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Immersion ◽  
Hyperbolic Plane ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Simple Interpretation ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Local Solutions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Complete Solutions

A simple interpretation of the PDE for isometric immersion of the hyperbolic plane ℍ 2 into ℝ 4 is given. Thus, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained. And, under natural additional conditions, we show that there are no complete solutions, but we can have special local solutions.

Normal and osculating maps for submanifolds of RN

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cattaneo Gasparini ◽  
G. Romani
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Immersion ◽  
Normal Bundle ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Gauss Map ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Totally Geodesic ◽  
Precise Formulation ◽  
Parallel Case ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

SynopsisLet Mn be a manifold supposed “nicely curved” isometrically immersed in ℝn+p. Starting from a generalised Gauss map associated to the splitting of the normal bundle defined from the values of the fundamental forms of M of order k (k ≧ 0), we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the map to be totally geodesic and harmonic . For k = 0 is the classical Gauss map and our formula reduces to Ruh–Vilm's formula with a more precise formulation due to the consideration of the splitting of the normal bundle.We also give necessary conditions for M, supposed complete, to admit an isometric immersion with . This theorem generalises a theorem of Vilms on the manifolds with second fundamental forms parallel (case k = 0). The result is interesting as the class of manifolds satisfying the condition is larger than the class of manifolds satisfying .

scholarly journals Divergence type of some subgroups of finitely generated Fuchsian groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rees
Keyword(s):  
Critical Exponent ◽  
Hyperbolic Plane ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Discrete Subgroup ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Fuchsian Groups ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Parabolic Element ◽  
Divergence Type ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractLet Г be a finitely generated discrete subgroup of the isometries of the hyperbolic plane H2 with at least one parabolic element. We prove that, if Г1 is a subgroup of Г with Г/Г1 abelian, the ‘critical exponent’ of Г1 is the same as that of Г. We give necessary and sufficient conditions-in terms of the rank of Г/Г1, the critical exponent of Г, and the image of parabolic elements of Г in Г/Г1 - for the Poincaré series of Г1 to diverge at the critical exponent.

scholarly journals Some Properties of Interior and Closure in General Topology

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Soon-Mo Jung ◽  
Doyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Closed Subspace ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Open Subspace

We present the necessary and sufficient conditions that the intersection of an open set and a closed set becomes either an open set or a closed set. As their dualities, we further introduce the necessary and sufficient conditions that the union of a closed set and an open set becomes either a closed set or an open set. Moreover, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of U ∘ ∪ V ∘ = ( U ∪ V ) ∘ and U ¯ ∩ V ¯ = U ∩ V ¯ . Finally, we introduce a necessary and sufficient condition for an open subset of a closed subspace of a topological space to be open. As its duality, we also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a closed subset of an open subspace to be closed.

scholarly journals Layered circle packings

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (15) ◽  
pp. 2429-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dennis ◽  
G. Brock Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Plane ◽  
Circle Packing ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Bounded Sequence ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Circle Packings ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Defining Sequence

Given a bounded sequence of integers{d0,d1,d2,…},6≤dn≤M, there is an associated abstract triangulation created by building up layers of vertices so that vertices on thenth layer have degreedn. This triangulation can be realized via a circle packing which fills either the Euclidean or the hyperbolic plane. We give necessary and sufficient conditions to determine the type of the packing given the defining sequence{dn}.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Nonlinear boundary-value problems for degenerate differential-algebraic systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Sergii Chuiko ◽  
Ol'ga Nesmelova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Algebraic System ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Differential Algebraic System ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The study of the differential-algebraic boundary value problems, traditional for the Kiev school of nonlinear oscillations, founded by academicians M.M. Krylov, M.M. Bogolyubov, Yu.A. Mitropolsky and A.M. Samoilenko. It was founded in the 19th century in the works of G. Kirchhoff and K. Weierstrass and developed in the 20th century by M.M. Luzin, F.R. Gantmacher, A.M. Tikhonov, A. Rutkas, Yu.D. Shlapac, S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko, O.A. Boichuk, V.P. Yacovets, C.W. Gear and others. In the works of S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko and V.P. Yakovets were obtained sufficient conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form and the structure of the general solution of the degenerate linear system was obtained. Assuming that the conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form were satisfied, O.A.~Boichuk obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and constructed a generalized Green operator of this problem. Based on this, later O.A. Boichuk and O.O. Pokutnyi obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problem, the linear part of which is a Noetherian differential algebraic boundary value problem. Thus, out of the scope of the research, the cases of dependence of the desired solution on an arbitrary continuous function were left, which are typical for the linear differential-algebraic system. Our article is devoted to the study of just such a case. The article uses the original necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and the construction of the generalized Green operator of this problem, constructed by S.M. Chuiko. Based on this, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary value problem were obtained. A typical feature of the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear and weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary-value problem is its dependence on the means of fixing of the arbitrary continuous function. An improved classification and a convergent iterative scheme for finding approximations to the solutions of weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problems was constructed in the article.

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