scholarly journals An Adaptive Visible Watermark Embedding Method based on Region Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenfa Qi ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Sirui Guo ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Zongming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Visible Watermarking ◽  
Visible Watermark

Aiming at the problem that the robustness, visibility, and transparency of the existing visible watermarking technologies are difficult to achieve a balance, this paper proposes an adaptive embedding method for visible watermarking. Firstly, the salient region of the host image is detected based on superpixel detection. Secondly, the flat region with relatively low complexity is selected as the embedding region in the nonsalient region of the host image. Then, the watermarking strength is adaptively calculated by considering the gray distribution and image texture complexity of the embedding region. Finally, the visible watermark image is adaptively embedded into the host image with slight adjustment by just noticeable difference (JND) coefficient. The experimental results show that our proposed method improves the robustness of visible watermarking technology and greatly reduces the risk of malicious removal of visible watermark image. Meanwhile, a good balance between the visibility and transparency of the visible watermark image is achieved, which has the advantages of high security and ideal visual effect.

scholarly journals A Novel Improved Reversible Visible Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Grad-CAM and JND

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jiasheng Qu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Xiangchun Liu ◽  
Lizhi Zhao ◽  
Xiaobing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Visible Image ◽  
Content Protection ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Visible Watermarking ◽  
Integrity Protection ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

With the rapid access convenience of content brought by 5G technology, the integrity protection of content becomes more important. The reversible visible watermarking algorithm has attracted more attention due to its effective content protection. In this paper, a novel improved reversible visible image watermarking scheme based on gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) and the just noticeable difference (JND) model has been presented. The proposed region of interest (ROI) selection strategy is used to locate the main protected body of images for watermark embedding. Divide the watermark and ROI into nonoverlapping blocks in the same way and then embed the classified two types of watermark blocks into corresponding ROI blocks with the JND model. The optimal bit positions for watermark embedding can be selected adaptively with JND threshold and achieve the tradeoff between the watermark visibility and watermarked image quality. For lossless image recovery and watermark extraction, the recovery information is reversibly hidden into watermarked image. In the experiments, the same process of grayscale images is used to each channel separately for color images watermarking. Besides, there are six aspects in this paper to estimate the proposed scheme; with the comparison to other reversible visible watermarking schemes, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Zero Watermarking Method Based on Enhanced Bit-Plane

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1473-1476
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Bin Feng Yang ◽  
Xiao Yun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cellular Neural Network ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Hardware Realization ◽  
Lifting Wavelet ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Zero Watermarking

Traditional watermark embedding introduces inevitably some perceptible quality degradation of the host image. Another problem is the inherent conflict between imperceptibility and robustness. However, the zero-watermarking technique can extract some essential characteristics from the host image and use them for watermark registration and detection. The original image was decomposed into series of multiscale and directional subimages after lifting wavelet transformation (LWT). The high order bit-plane of low-frequency subimage and watermark image are inputs of the cellular neural network (CNN), and the zero-watermarking registration image is the output. To investigate and improve the security and robustness, the original watermark and registration image are scrambled or encrypted. The watermark image can be extracted from the secret image. This algorithm is simple and robust. The proposed method is also simple for hardware realization.

Design Principles for Active Audio and Video Fingerprinting

2005 ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Martin Steinbach ◽  
Jana Dittmann
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Audio Fingerprinting ◽  
Video Fingerprinting ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Media Comparison ◽  
Customer Identification

Active fingerprinting combines digital media watermarking and codes for collusion-secure customer identification. This requires specialized strategies for watermark embedding to lessen the thread of attacks like marked media comparison or mixing. We introduce basic technologies for fingerprinting and digital watermarking and possible attacks against active fingerprinting. Based on this, we provide test results, discuss the consequences and suggest an optimized embedding method for audio fingerprinting.

Speech Content Authentication Scheme based on High-Capacity Watermark Embedding

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Fang Sun ◽  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Chuanda Qi
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Content Authentication ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Frame Number ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Speech Content

The existed content authentication schemes based on digital watermark have some shortcomings. In order to solve the problems, a speech content authentication scheme based on high-capacity watermark embedding is proposed, and the high-capacity embedding method is discussed. Firstly, speech signal is framed and segmented, and the samples of each segment are scrambled. Secondly, DCT is performed on the scrambled signal, and low-frequency coefficients are selected as the watermark embedding domain. Lastly, frame number is mapped to a sequence of integers and embedded into the domain based on the embedding method. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm is inaudible, robust to desynchronous attacks, enhances the embedding capacity, and improves the security of watermark system.

scholarly journals Spatial-Perceptual Embedding with Robust Just Noticeable Difference Model for Color Image Watermarking

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Yunming Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yantong Zhan ◽  
Wenbo Wan
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Color Image Watermarking ◽  
Quantization Step ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

In the robust image watermarking framework, watermarks are usually embedded in the direct current (DC) coefficients in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, since the DC coefficients have a larger perceptual capacity than any alternating current (AC) coefficients. However, DC coefficients are also excluded from watermark embedding with the consideration of avoiding block artifacts in watermarked images. Studies on human vision suggest that perceptual characteristics can achieve better image fidelity. With this perspective, we propose a novel spatial–perceptual embedding for a color image watermarking algorithm that includes the robust just-noticeable difference (JND) guidance. The logarithmic transform function is used for quantization embedding. Meanwhile, an adaptive quantization step is modeled by incorporating the partial AC coefficients. The novelty and effectiveness of the proposed framework are supported by JND perceptual guidance for spatial pixels. Experiments validate that the proposed watermarking algorithm produces a significantly better performance.

Embedding and Extraction of Digital Watermark Based on DCT

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 1150-1153
Author(s):  
Hong Yu Wu ◽  
Yao Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Digital Watermark ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Gaussian Filtering ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Noise Image

We propose a DCT domain watermarking algorithm, this algorithm transforms the watermark image before the watermark embedding and embeds watermark images by key vector, which improves the robustness and security greatly. The experiments indicate that the program has a better robustness on Gaussian filtering, white noise, image shearing, so digital watermark technology is useful.

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