scholarly journals Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Waste Carbide Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Yifeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbide Slag ◽  
Calcination Method

Na2CO3 was loaded onto waste carbide slag (CS) by impregnation-calcination method to prepare the solid base catalyst, which was used to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC) by the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The prepared catalysts were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) techniques. The catalyst 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800, which was prepared by impregnating CS to the Na2CO3 solution with the concentration of 15 wt.% weight of CS and calcined at 800°C for 3 hours, showed an excellent catalytic ability. When it was applied in the catalytic synthesis of GC, 98.1% glycerol conversion and 96.0% GC yield were achieved in 90 mins at 75°C with the catalyst dosage of 3 wt.% to total reactants and the DMC to glycerol molar ratio of 5. More importantly, the loading of Na2CO3 can effectively improve the reusability of catalyst. The 15 wt.% Na2CO3-CS-800 can still achieve 83.6% glycerol conversion and 80.5% GC yield after five-time reuse. Meanwhile, under the same reaction conditions, the CS-800, which was obtained by calcining CS at 800°C for 3 hours, experienced significant activity reduction with only 15.2% glycerol conversion and 14.1% GC yield after five-time reuse. FTIR and XRD characterization revealed that CO32- might play a key role in preserving active catalytic CaO component by forming protective CaCO3 shell on the catalyst surface.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Cs–Pollucite Nanozeolite Modified with Novel Organosilane as an Excellent Solid Base Catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleid Ghadah Mohammad S. ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Severinne Rigolet ◽  
T. Jean Daou ◽  
Tau-Chuan Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Consecutive Reaction ◽  
Surface Basicity

Cs–pollucite can be a potential solid base catalyst due to the presence of (Si-O-Al)−Cs+ basic sites. However, it severely suffers from molecular diffusion and pore accessibility problems due to its small micropore opening. Herein, we report the use of new organosilane, viz. dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC), as a promising pore-expanding agent to develop the hierarchical structure in nanosized Cs–pollucite. In respect to this, four different amounts of TPOAC were added during the synthesis of hierarchical Cs–pollucite (CP-x, x = 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0, where x is the molar ratio of TPOAC) in order to investigate the effects of TPOAC in the crystallization process of Cs–pollucite. The results show that an addition of TPOAC altered the physico-chemical and morphological properties of hierarchical Cs–pollucite, such as the crystallinity, crystallite size, pore size distribution, surface areas, pore volume, and surface basicity. The prepared solids were also tested in Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, where 82.2% of the conversion and 100% selectivity to chalcone were achieved by the CP-2.0 catalyst using non-microwave instant heating (200 °C, 100 min). The hierarchical CP-2.0 nanocatalyst also showed better catalytic performance than other homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts and displayed a high catalyst reusability with no significant deterioration in the catalytic performance even after five consecutive reaction runs.

scholarly journals Preparation of polycarbonate diols (PCDLs) from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diols catalyzed by KNO3/γ-Al2O3

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (61) ◽  
pp. 35014-35022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglu Song ◽  
Xiangui Yang ◽  
Gongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst

γ-Al2O3 loaded with potassium nitrate (KNO3/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared, characterized and employed as a type of heterogenous solid base catalyst in the synthesis of polycarbonate (1,4-butane carbonate)-diol (PBC–OH) via the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1,4-butanediol (BD).

scholarly journals Water glass derived catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate via the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
Lanlan Xu ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Patrick Okoye ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Sanxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Glass ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts

Water glasses with different modulus (mole ratio of SiO2 to Na2O) were applied as a raw material to prepare five solid base catalysts for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) by the transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The structure and properties of the five water glass-derived catalysts were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, BET and acid?base titration methods. The catalysts with relatively low modulus, including 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, presented good catalytic abilities, among which the catalyst derived from water glass with 2.0 modulus (WG-2.0) was chosen as the optimal catalyst in the synthesis of GC. This was because WG- -2.0 showed the highest BET surface area, relatively high total basicity, and needed a less amount of NaOH during the preparation process. In the optimization experiments, this catalyst exhibited good catalytic ability with the glycerol conversion of 96.3 % and GC yield of 94.1 % under the condition of glycerol to DMC mole ratio of 1:4, WG-2.0 amount of 4 wt. %, reaction temperature of 348 K and reaction time of 90 min. Furthermore, the reusability experiment of WG-2.0 was also conducted and the results indicated that WG- -2.0 could be reused five times without significant reduction in its catalytic ability.

scholarly journals Application of corncob residue-derived catalyst in the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesize glycerol carbonate

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Jianye Wang ◽  
Patrick U. Okoye ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Xinshu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Structural Investigation ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
High Basicity

Corncob was calcined within a temperature range of 300 °C to 700 °C to prepare a series of corncob residue catalysts for the transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC). Among the catalysts, the corncob residue catalyst obtained through calcination of corncob at 500 °C (CCR-500) showed a relatively high basicity and satisfactory catalytic activity. The structural investigation results indicated that CCR-500 was composed of carbon material and some alkaline mineral salts. Using CCR-500 as the catalyst, a glycerol conversion of 98.1% and a GC yield of 94.1% were achieved when the reaction was performed at 80 °C for 90 min, with a catalyst amount of 3 wt% and glycerol to DMC molar ratio of 1:3. The comparison of CCR-500 with the reported catalysts indicated that the CCR-500 was a low-cost, high-active, and easily-accessible catalyst for the transesterification of glycerol with DMC.

scholarly journals CALCIUM OXIDE AS A SOLID BASE CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA CATFISH FAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Tien Van Huynh ◽  
Tan Minh Phan ◽  
Hoa Thi Viet Tran
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Solid

In our work, biodiesel was prepared from Tra fat by methanolysis reaction using activated calcium oxide as solid base catalyst. Effects of various process parameters on biodiesel production such as molar ratio of methanol to fat, catalyst concentration, temperature and time of reaction and the active mechanism of CaO catalyst for the transesterification reaction were investigated. The results show that CaO has strong basicity and high catalytic activity as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst and the transesterification reaction takes place on basic sites of calcium diglyceroxide formed due to the reaction between Cao and the by-produced glycerol. The biodiesel yield achieves 92.95 % at 60°C, 90 minutes, 8:1 molar ratio of fat to methanol, and 6 % CaO catalyst. Important fuel properties of the produced biodiesel meet the specifications of ASTM D 6751 biodiesel standard.

scholarly journals A facile synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate: Ceria based catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Venkatesh ◽  
Mohamed Shamshuddin Sathgatta Zaheeruddin ◽  
Pratap Srinivasa Raghavendra
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract. Solid base catalysts such as Ceria-Zirconia-Magnesia with different mole ratio of magnesium were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by CO2-TPD, PXRD, FT-IR and ICP-OES analysis. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was tested in the liquid phase transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to synthesise glycerol carbonate. Optimization of reaction condition was carried out by varying the molar ratio of the reactants, temperature and time. The highest yield (97 %) of glycerol carbonate was obtained at a reactant molar ratio of 1:3 at 120 °C in 6 h. Study of reusability and reactivation of solid base catalyst was also taken up. A suitable base catalysed mechanism for the formation of glycerol carbonate is proposed.Resumen. Se prepararon catalizadores de base sólida como Ceria-Zirconia-Magnesia con diferentes proporciones molares de magnesio mediante el método de impregnación y se caracterizaron por análisis de CO2-TPD, PXRD, FT-IR e ICP-OES. La actividad catalítica de los catalizadores se probó en la transesterificación en fase líquida de glicerol con carbonato de dimetilo para sintetizar carbonato de glicerol. La optimización de las condiciones de reacción se llevó a cabo variando la relación molar de los reactivos, la temperatura y el tiempo. El mayor rendimiento (97 %) de carbonato de glicerol se obtuvo a una relación molar reactiva de 1:3 a 120 °C en 6 h. También se realizó un estudio de la reutilización y reactivación del catalizador de base sólida. Se propone un mecanismo catalítico básico adecuado para la formación de carbonato de glicerol.

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