scholarly journals Metadichol®: A Novel Nanolipid Formulation That Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses In Vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Palayakotai R. Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Attachment Mechanism ◽  
Long Chain

Increasing outbreaks of new pathogenic viruses have promoted the exploration of novel alternatives to time-consuming vaccines. Thus, it is necessary to develop a universal approach to halt the spread of new and unknown viruses as they are discovered. One such promising approach is to target lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between the virus envelope and the host cell plasma membrane as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nanolipid emulsion of long-chain alcohols, has been demonstrated as a strong candidate that inhibits the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2. Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce viral infectivity, including that of coronaviruses (such as SARS-CoV-2) by modifying their lipid-dependent attachment mechanism to human host cells. The receptor ACE2 mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells, whereas the serine protease TMPRSS2 primes the viral S protein. In this study, Metadichol® was found to be 270 times more potent an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 ( E C 50 = 96   ng / mL ) than camostat mesylate ( E C 50 = 26000   ng / mL ). Additionally, it inhibits ACE with an EC50 of 71 ng/mL, but it is a very weak inhibitor of ACE2 at an EC50 of 31 μg/mL. Furthermore, the live viral assay performed in Caco-2 cells revealed that Metadichol® inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication at an EC90 of 0.16 μg/mL. Moreover, Metadichol® had an EC90 of 0.00037 μM, making it 2081 and 3371 times more potent than remdesivir ( E C 50 = 0.77   μ M ) and chloroquine ( E C 50 = 1.14   μ M ), respectively.

scholarly journals Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Lipid Formulation ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol ® a novel nano lipid that inhibits In Vitro, SARS-COV-2 and a multitude of pathological viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai R Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Plasma Membrane ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks with increasing regularity are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on a time-consuming vaccine mode to halt the strike. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be by targeting the lipids membranes, common to all viruses and bacteria. The ongoing pandemic of the SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has restated the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol ®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of the SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such long chain saturated lipid alcohols reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including the coronavirus like SARS-COV-2, by modifying the lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 of 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor Camostat Mesylate (26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Also, Metadichol ® is a moderate inhibitor of ACE2 @ 31 µg/ml. In the SARS-COV2 antiviral assay using CACO2 cells, it has an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Lipid Formulation ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol ® a novel nano lipid that inhibits In Vitro, SARS-COV-2 and a multitude of pathological viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai R Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Lipid Formulation ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor Camostat mesylate (CM) which has a EC50 of 26000 ng/ml, it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is an inhibitor of ACE with an EC 50 of 71 ng/ml but extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol ® a novel nano lipid that inhibits In Vitro, SARS-COV-2 and a multitude of pathological viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai R Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Lipid Formulation ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Virus Assay ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract BackgroundNew pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. MethodsMetadichol was tested against TMPRSS2 ana ACE2 invitro using commercial available kits. Also it was tested against the live virus in Caco2 cells to test for inhibition of viral replication of SARS-COV-2.ResultsMetadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.ConclusionsMetadichol inhibits SARS-COV-2 virus and since it a non toxic molecule can be easily tested in humans and as it has LD 50 of over 5000 mg/kilo and could help mitigate the crisis facing the world today.

scholarly journals Metadichol ® a novel nano lipid formulation that inhibits In Vitro, SARS-COV-2 and a multitude of pathological viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palayakotai R Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Plasma Membrane ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Lipid Formulation ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Strong Candidate

Abstract New pathogenic virus outbreaks with increasing regularity are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on a time-consuming vaccine mode to halt the strike. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be by targeting the lipids membranes, common to all viruses and bacteria. The ongoing pandemic of the SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has restated the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol ®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of the SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as Cyclodextrin and sterols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including the coronavirus like SARS-COV-2, by modifying the lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 of 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor Camostat Mesylate (26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Also, Metadichol ® is a moderate inhibitor of ACE2 @ 31 µg/ml. In the SARS-COV2 anti-viral assay using CACO2 cells, it has an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Antiviral Peptides Targeting the West Nile Virus Envelope Protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 2047-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengwei Bai ◽  
Terrence Town ◽  
Deepti Pradhan ◽  
Jonathan Cox ◽  
Ashish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Phage Display Library ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Envelope Protein ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Inhibition Concentration

ABSTRACT West Nile virus (WNV) can cause fatal murine and human encephalitis. The viral envelope protein interacts with host cells. A murine brain cDNA phage display library was therefore probed with WNV envelope protein, resulting in the identification of several adherent peptides. Of these, peptide 1 prevented WNV infection in vitro with a 50% inhibition concentration of 67 μM and also inhibited infection of a related flavivirus, dengue virus. Peptide 9, a derivative of peptide 1, was a particularly potent inhibitor of WNV in vitro, with a 50% inhibition concentration of 2.6 μM. Moreover, mice challenged with WNV that had been incubated with peptide 9 had reduced viremia and fatality compared with control animals. Peptide 9 penetrated the murine blood-brain barrier and was found in the brain parenchyma, implying that it may have antiviral activity in the central nervous system. These short peptides serve as the basis for developing new therapeutics for West Nile encephalitis and, potentially, other flaviviruses.

scholarly journals Ionophore antibiotic X-206 is a potent and selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esben B. Svenningsen ◽  
Jacob Thyrsted ◽  
Julia Blay-Cadanet ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Shaoquan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
World Population ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Antiviral Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Of Infection

AbstractPandemic spread of emerging human pathogenic viruses such as the current SARS-CoV-2, poses both an immediate and future challenge to human health and society. Currently, effective treatment of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is limited and broad spectrum antiviral therapies to meet other emerging pandemics are absent leaving the World population largely unprotected. Here, we have identified distinct members of the family of polyether ionophore antibiotics with potent ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and cytopathogenicity in cells. Several compounds from this class displayed more than 100-fold selectivity between viral-induced cytopathogenicity and inhibition of cell viability, however the compound X-206 displayed >500-fold selectivity and was furthermore able to inhibit viral replication even at sub-nM levels. The antiviral mechanism of the polyether ionophores is currently not understood in detail. We demonstrate, through unbiased bioactivity profiling, that their effects on the host cells differ from those of cationic amphiphiles such as hydroxychloroquine. Collectively, our data suggest that polyether ionophore antibiotics should be subject to further investigations as potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document