The Rate of Absorption and Fate of Radioiodinated Triolein

Seven singleton 120-day fetal lambs were prepared with a shunt from the lung to the gastric end of the esophagus, a bladder catheter, and multiple amniotic fluid and vascular catheters. The urachus was ligated. Beginning 7 days later, amniotic fluid volumes were determined by drainage, followed by replacement with 1 liter of lactated Ringer (LR) solution. Urine flow into the amnion was measured continuously. In 14 of 27 experiments, amniotic fluid volumes were determined again 2 days after the inflow into the amnion had consisted of urine only and in 13 experiments after the inflow of urine had been supplemented by an intraamniotic infusion of LR solution. Intramembranous absorption was calculated from the inflows and the changes in volume between the beginning and end of each experiment. The relations between absorption rate and amniotic fluid volume, the “function curves,” were highly individual. Urine production during the infusion of LR solution did not decrease, fetal plasma renin activity decreased ( P < 0.001), and amniotic fluid volume increased by 140% [SE (27%), P < 0.005], but the increase in the amniochorionic absorption rate of 411% [SE (48%), P < 0.001] was greater ( P < 0.005) than the increase in volume. Each of the seven fetuses was proven capable of an average intramembranous absorption rate that exceeded 4.5 liters of amniotic fluid per day. During the infusion of LR solution, the increase in the rate of absorption matched the rate of infusion (both in ml/h), with a regression coefficient of 0.75 ( P < 0.001). Thus, even for large amniotic fluid volumes, volume is not limited by the absorptive capacity of the amniochorion, and, at least in these preparations, the position of the function curve and not the natural rate of inflow was the major determinant of resting amniotic fluid volume.

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Comparison of calcium absorptive and secretory capacities of segments of intact or functionally resected intestine during normo-, hypo-, and hyper-calcemia

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y94-109 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 764-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. Krishnamra ◽

K. Angkanaporn ◽

T. Deenoi

Keyword(s):

Calcium Absorption ◽

Intestinal Secretion ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Plasma Calcium ◽

Proximal Jejunum ◽

Proximal Small Intestine ◽

Enhanced Secretion ◽

Rate Of Absorption ◽

Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽

Luminal Calcium

Absorptive and secretory capacities of six in situ intestinal loops of equal length were compared under the same calcium load and calcemic condition. The highest rate of calcium absorption was found in duodenum, colon, and proximal jejunum when loops were filled with 0.3 mM calcium, and in duodenum and proximal jejunum when filled with 10 mM luminal calcium. Secretory rates were in the following order: duodenum, jejunum, proximal jejunum, cecum, ileum, and proximal colon. Absorption of 0.3 mM calcium was decreased in all but the cecum and colon during hypercalcemia, and in duodenum, proximal jejunum, and colon during thyroparathyroidectomy-induced hypocalcemia. In contrast, calcium secretion was directly related to plasma calcium concentration and the length of the intestine. Functional resection of any part met with a compensatory increase in calcium absorption by the remaining segments, with the exception of the resection of the distal ileum with the large bowel. In conclusion, proximal small intestine exhibited the highest rate of absorption and secretion, but functional resection of this or any part did not affect the overall calcium absorption if luminal calcium was 10 mM. Moreover, enhanced secretion and reduced absorption during hypercalcemia were beneficial with respect to plasma calcium regulation.Key words: calcium, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, intestinal absorption, intestinal secretion.

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Dextrose does not affect rate of absorption or retention of electrolytes in idle Thoroughbreds

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.jevs.2013.03.070 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349-350

Author(s):

J.D. Pagan ◽

B.M. Waldridge ◽

J. Lange

Keyword(s):

Rate Of Absorption

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Rectal Administration of Ibuprofen: Comparison of Enema and Suppository Form

Drug Research ◽

10.1055/a-1577-2955 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Budi Prasaja ◽

Yahdiana Harahap ◽

Monika Sandra ◽

Irene Iskandar ◽

Windy Lusthom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Rectal Administration ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

P Value ◽

Open Label ◽

Post Dose ◽

Anova Model ◽

Equal Dose ◽

Rate Of Absorption ◽

The Mean

AbstractIbuprofen is a widely used and well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic. It is desirable to have a formulation with a rapid rate of absorption because it is required for rapid pain relief and temperature reduction. Previous studies have described the pharmacokinetic profiles of ibuprofen suppository and the mean peak times of ibuprofen suppository were around 1.8 hours, indicating a slower rate of absorption. The aim of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of rectal administration of ibuprofen between enema and suppository form in order to provide evidence for the faster absorption rates of ibuprofen enema. This study was a phase-1 clinical study, open-label, randomized and two-way crossover with one-week washout period comparing the absorption profile of equal dose of ibuprofen administered rectally in two treatment phases: ibuprofen suppository and enema. Blood samples were collected post dose for pharmacokinetic analyses. Tmax was analyzed using a Wilcoxon matched paired test. A standard ANOVA model, appropriate for bioequivalence studies was used and ratios of 90% confidence intervals were calculated. This study showed that Tmax for ibuprofen enema was less than half that of ibuprofen suppository (median 40 min vs. 90 min, respectively; p-value=0.0003). Cmax and AUC0–12 for ibuprofen enema were bioequivalent to ibuprofen suppository, as the ratio of test/reference=104.52%, 90% CI 93.41–116.95% and the ratio of test/reference=98.12%, 90%CI 93.34–103.16%, respectively, which fell within 80–125% bioequivalence limit. The overall extent of absorption was similar to the both, which were all well tolerated. In terms of Tmax, Ibuprofen enema was absorbed twice as quickly as from ibuprofen suppository. Therefore it is expected that an ibuprofen enema may provide faster onset of analgesic and antipyretic benefit.

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Labor Demand and the Elasticity of Job Opportunity: Evidence from Indonesia

GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review ◽

10.35609/jber.2018.3.3(3) ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

Jamaliah Jamaliah ◽

Rosyadi Rosyadi

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Labor Demand ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Labor Policy ◽

Employment Policy ◽

Labor Flexibility ◽

Rate Of Absorption ◽

Job Opportunity ◽

Employment Elasticity

Objective - Labor is one of the most important factors in production activities. Increased human effort in the production process will increase output, productivity and promote economic growth. This research aims to analyze the condition and potential of labor demand in Pontianak City, analyze job opportunities in Pontianak City and formulate a strategy of labor policy in Pontianak City. Methodology/Technique - The method used is descriptive with quantitative analysis which a qualitative interpretation. The data used is secondary data and related documents for data enrichment. Findings - The results show that: labor demand is showing an increasing trend year by year, increasing employment absorption from 233,788 in 2010 to 244,236 in 2014. The rate of absorption growth occurs primarily in the agriculture, building and transportation industries. Employment elasticity in Pontianak City is relatively low at only 0.02% which means the growth of labor absorption is smaller than the increase of economic growth. Novelty - This research shows that employment policy strategies in Pontianak City need to increase the role of Training Center (BLK), the enrichment of nutrition improvement and sustainability, encourage investment, increase competitiveness through increasing labor productivity and increase labor flexibility to the rules among other things. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Employment Demand; Employment Elasticity; Employment Policy Strategy. JEL Classification: J20, J21, J29.

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Fabrication of α-TCP, HAp Functionally Graded Porous Beads

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.57.135 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 135-138

Author(s):

Yuji Kajihata ◽

Teruo Asaoka ◽

Katsuko S. Furukawa ◽

Takashi Ushida ◽

T. Tateishi

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

High Strength ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

The Body ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Bioactive Material ◽

Hydrolytic Reaction ◽

Rate Of Absorption ◽

Porous Beads ◽

Good Cell

HAp (Hydroxyapatite) and α-TCP (alpha tribasic calcium phosphate) are non-toxic to human cells and, thus, have been studied for applications as biomaterials. HAp is a bioactive material that is not readily absorbed by the body; it offers both high strength and better tissueadhesive properties than α-TCP. In contrast, α-TCP is highly bioabsorbable; it is quickly absorbed by the body, and, therefore, for example, disappears before bone is completely replaced. If porous beads could be fabricated that would take advantage of the useful properties of α-TCP and HAp, they could be used as excellent scaffolds for cultivating cells. In the present study, ceramic beads with α-TCP at the center were fabricated and coated with a functionally graded film of HAp. A scaffold based on this configuration would be expected to have the following characteristics: good cell adhesion; strong beads; and a rate of absorption into the body that would be easy to control. In addition, to accelerate the formation of porous structure, some acid solutions were used to dissolve the beads surface layer and to penetrate pores toward inside of the bead. HAp formation through hydrolytic reaction seemed to be promoted by these acid solutions.

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