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Author(s):  
Okey-Nwankwo Chinaza Joyce ◽  
Ogbo Frank Chinweike ◽  
Chigbo Chisom Godswill ◽  
Okafor Onyedika Ifeanyi ◽  
Iduu Nneka Vivian ◽  
...  

The aim of this study is to produce a fermented soymilk drink using Bacillus coagulans. This was performed in the Microbiology laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe, University. 20ml aliquots of soymilk containing Bacillus coagulans was fermented at 28°C, 37°C, 42°C and 50°C for period of 9 h. The pH of the soymilk and growth of Bacillus coagulans was checked during the fermentation period. The effect of sugar supplementation and adjustment of initial pH on soymilk fermentation was also checked. A 9-point hedonic scale was used by the sensory panelist for the sensory evaluation of the fermented soymilk. At 28°C, pH of soymilk did not decrease and cell count did not increase throughout the fermentation period. Fermentation at 37°C, 42°C and 50°C recorded decrease in pH and increase in cell count. Addition of 0.5% sucrose improved acid production and maintained a good cell count. Concentrations above 0.5% sucrose saw a slight decline in cell count. Glucose concentration of 0.5% to 2% improved acid production. Glucose concentration of 0.1% to 1% improved the growth of the probiotic cells. Concentration above 1% caused a drop in probiotic cell count. Adjustment of soymilks initial pH and addition of 0.5% glucose resulted in pH drop to 4.5 after 9h fermentation at 50°C. The fermented soymilk had moderate overall acceptability by the sensory panelist. Bacillus coagulans can be used as probiotic of choice to produce a fermented soymilk.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Mauro Petretta ◽  
Alessandro Gambardella ◽  
Giovanna Desando ◽  
Carola Cavallo ◽  
Isabella Bartolotti ◽  
...  

Multifunctional and resistant 3D structures represent a great promise and a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study addresses this problem by employing polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds added with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), able to drive on demand the necessary cells and other bioagents for a high healing efficiency. PCL-HAp-SPION scaffolds with different concentrations of the superparamagnetic component were developed through the 3D-printing technology and the specific topographical features were detected by Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM-MFM). AFM-MFM measurements confirmed a homogenous distribution of HAp and SPION throughout the surface. The magnetically assisted seeding of cells in the scaffold resulted most efficient for the 1% SPION concentration, providing good cell entrapment and adhesion rates. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) seeded onto PCL-HAp-1% SPION showed a good cell proliferation and intrinsic osteogenic potential, indicating no toxic effects of the employed scaffold materials. The performed characterizations and the collected set of data point on the inherent osteogenic potential of the newly developed PCL-HAp-1% SPION scaffolds, endorsing them towards next steps of in vitro and in vivo studies and validations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 247255522110397
Author(s):  
Terry L. Riss ◽  
Richard A. Moravec ◽  
Sarah J. Duellman ◽  
Andrew L. Niles

The reproducibility of high-throughput cell-based assays is dependent on having a consistent source of cells for each experiment. Developing an understanding of the nature of cells growing in vitro and factors that influence their responsiveness to test compounds will contribute to the development of reproducible cell-based assays. Using good cell culture practices and establishing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for handling cultures can eliminate several potential contributors to variability in the responsiveness and performance of cells. The SOPs for handling each cell type must have clear and detailed instructions that can be understood and followed among different laboratories. The SOPs should include documenting the source of cells and authenticating their identity, both of which have become required to achieve peer acceptance of experimental data. Variability caused by biological issues such as phenotypic drift can be reduced by using standardized subculture procedures or using cryopreserved cells to set up experiments. Variability caused by inconsistent dispensing of cells per well and edge effects can be identified by measuring how many cells are present and whether they are alive or dead. Multiplex methods for real-time measurement of viable or dead cell number in each sample can be used for normalizing data and determining if proliferation or cytotoxicity has occurred during the experiment. Following good cell culture practices will go a long way toward executing reproducible cell-based assays. Resources will be included describing good cell culture practices, cell line authentication, and multiplex determination of cell number as an internal control.


Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Nathalia Barth de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Irioda ◽  
Priscila Elias Ferreira Stricker ◽  
Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽  
Nádia Nascimento da Rosa ◽  
...  

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine, as they have good cell yield and can differentiate into several cell lines. When induced to the neuronal differentiation, they form neurospheres composed of neural precursors (NPs) that can be an alternative in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to characterize NPs from neurospheres obtained after seeding ADMSCs on a natural polyisoprene-based membrane. The ADMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue by enzymatic dissociation, were subjected to trilineage differentiation, and were characterized by flow cytometry for specific ADMSC surface markers. For neuronal differentiation, the cells were seeded on polystyrene flasks coated with the membrane and were characterized by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that the isolated cells showed characteristics of ADMSCs. At 15 to 25 days, ADMSCs seeded on the natural membrane developed neurospheres. Then, after dissociation, the cells demonstrated characteristic neuronal markers expressed on NPs: nestin, ß-III tubulin, GFAP, NeuN, and the YAP1/AMOT in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that this membrane differentiates the ADMSCs to NPs without any induction factors, and suggests that their differentiation mechanisms are related to mechanotransduction regulated by the YAP and AMOT proteins.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1516-1522
Author(s):  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Qiuxian Chen ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Zhongjie Zhu ◽  
Wei Shao

Carrageenan and konjac glucomannan are non-toxic polysaccharides which have been widely applied in the biomedical fields. Berberine as the antibacterial agent was successfully loaded into carrageenan/konjac glucomannan hydrogels. The Berberine loaded carrageenan/konjac glucomannan dried hydrogels display three-dimensional network structure, good swelling behavior and high porosity. These dried hydrogels also show controlled release behavior of Berberine. A good antibacterial effect towards S. aureus and C. albicans with good cell compatibility is exhibited. Thus, the fabricated Berberine loaded carrageenan/konjac glucomannan dried hydrogels could be considered as novel antibiotic alternative antibacterial materials.


2021 ◽  
pp. 187-189
Author(s):  
Gerhard Gstraunthaler ◽  
Toni Lindl
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Jindao Wu ◽  
Wenzhou Ding ◽  
Guoyong Han ◽  
Wei You ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
...  

Nanomedicines generally suffer from poor accumulation in tumor cells, low anti-tumor efficacy, and drug resistance. In order to address these problems, we introduced a novel nanomedicine based on dual anti-cancer drugs, which showed good cell nuclear accumulation properties.


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