There are multiple congenital and acquired disorders of coagulation that may result in unplanned bleeding or clotting. These disorders can result in an increase in morbidity and mortality to surgical patients. Unexpected bleeding during and after surgery can be prevented by having an adequate understandings of these entities and by being aware of the available treatment options. In addition to awareness of bleeding disorders, it is important to recognize the risks associated with disorders predisposing patients to clotting, or thrombophilias. This review discusses the major inherited disorders of the coagulation cascade resulting in bleeding or clotting tendencies in relation to surgical patients. von Willebrand Disease (vWD), hemophilia A, hemophilia B, hemophilia C, acute coagulopathy of trauma, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), uremic bleeding, bleeding in cirrhosis, clotting disorders, and acquired thrombophilias are covered.
This review 4 figures, 25 tables, and 47 references.
Keywords: Thrombosis, bleeding, coagulation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, factor deficiency, factor V Leiden, von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, clotting, hemophilia