scholarly journals Hypertension as an Unusual Cause of Proliferative Retinopathy: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 594-602
Author(s):  
Rami Hasan Saleem Abu Sbeit ◽  
Osman Abdelzaher Mohammed ◽  
Laith Ishaq Alamlih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Retinal Ischemia ◽  
Proliferative Retinopathy ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Detailed History

Malignant hypertensive retinopathy is associated with characteristic fundus findings that typically do not include proliferative retinal vascular changes. We present the case of a 34-year-old patient who had bilateral decreased vision and was found to have malignant hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy changes along with unforeseen bilateral neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage. Detailed history and extensive systemic and ophthalmic workup failed to reveal an alternative explanation for her proliferative retinopathy. Blood pressure control and panretinal photocoagulation halted further deterioration. Malignant hypertensive retinopathy can rarely cause profound retinal ischemia leading to retinal neovascularization. This case further supports the presence of “proliferative hypertensive retinopathy” that needs to be identified and addressed urgently through collaboration between internists and ophthalmologists.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Patent Literature for Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6651-6667
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Polyol Pathway ◽  
Proliferative Retinopathy ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hexosamine Pathway ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
And Control

Diabetes mellitus is a principal reason for globally developing chronic microvascular disorders defined as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Proliferative retinopathy and non-proliferative retinopathy are the two types of DR. Long-term diabetes, and poor blood sugar and arterial blood pressure regulation are the key risk factors for the onset and advancement of DR. A variety of biochemical pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of DR, which includes increased polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product growth, protein kinase C isoform activation, and increased hexosamine pathway flux. The varieties of cells are involved in diabetic retinopathy, including glial cells, retinal ganglion cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes. Surgical treatment of DR includes laser treatment, panretinal photocoagulation, focal laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy surgery. The systemic treatment of DR includes glycemic management and control of blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. Nanotechnology-based formulations like nanoparticles, polymeric nanomicelles, and nanocarrier composite, and various patented formulations have been investigated for the treatment of DR.

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