hypertensive retinopathy
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2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694
Author(s):  
Spoorthy S ◽  
Chandana S

The incidence of hypercholesterolemia is ever increasing as the co morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stressful life is on a rise. Ocular conditions associated with hypercholesterolemia are issues which are minimally discussed. : This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019. Complete eye examination was performed including visual acuity examination, refraction, tear film evaluation, slit lamp examination, measurement of intraocular pressure using rebound tonometer, gonioscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy Total of 81 patients were examined, out of which males were 55, females were 26. Most common ocular finding was Xanthoma and Xanthelasma in 61(70%) patients. Arcus juvenalis was noted in 12 (14.63%), Lipid keratopathy in 23(29.26%). Other comorbidities associated were Hypertensive Retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, Pre senile cataract, Primary open angle Glaucoma, Branch retinal vein occlusion which has indirect causal relationship. Along with systemic workup, Hypercholesterolemia also warrants a routine detailed ocular examination even if the patient is asymptomatic. This aids in early diagnosis and management of the co-existing ocular morbidities.


Author(s):  
Sufian A. Badawi ◽  
Muhammad Moazam Fraz ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Imran Mahmood ◽  
Sajid Javed ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Dziedziak ◽  
Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska ◽  
Jacek Paweł Szaflik ◽  
Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska

Author(s):  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Ahmed Arafa ◽  
Haytham A. Sheerah ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Bhimavarapu Usharani

Hypertensive retinopathy is a disorder that causes hypertension which includes abnormalities in the retina that triggers vision problems. An effective automatic diagnosis and grading of the hypertensive retinopathy would be very useful in the health system. This chapter presents an improved activation function on the CNN by recognizing the lesions present in the retina and afterward surveying the influenced retina as indicated by the hypertensive retinopathy various sorts. The current approach identifies the symptoms associated of retinopathy for hypertension. This chapter presents an up-to-date review on hypertensive retinopathy detection systems that implement a variety of image processing techniques, including fuzzy image processing, along various improved activation function techniques used for feature extraction and classification. The chapter also highlights the available public databases, containing eye fundus images, which can be currently used in the hypertensive retinopathy research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsalan ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Jiho Choi ◽  
Kang Ryoung Park

Retinal blood vessels are considered valuable biomarkers for the detection of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinal disorders. Ophthalmologists analyze retinal vasculature by manual segmentation, which is a tedious task. Numerous studies have focused on automatic retinal vasculature segmentation using different methods for ophthalmic disease analysis. However, most of these methods are computationally expensive and lack robustness. This paper proposes two new shallow deep learning architectures: dual-stream fusion network (DSF-Net) and dual-stream aggregation network (DSA-Net) to accurately detect retinal vasculature. The proposed method uses semantic segmentation in raw color fundus images for the screening of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies. The proposed method’s performance is assessed using three publicly available fundus image datasets: Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE), Structured Analysis of Retina (STARE), and Children Heart Health Study in England Database (CHASE-DB1). The experimental results revealed that the proposed method provided superior segmentation performance with accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and area under the curve (AUC) of 96.93%, 82.68%, 98.30%, and 98.42% for DRIVE, 97.25%, 82.22%, 98.38%, and 98.15% for CHASE-DB1, and 97.00%, 86.07%, 98.00%, and 98.65% for STARE datasets, respectively. The experimental results also show that the proposed DSA-Net provides higher SE compared to the existing approaches. It means that the proposed method detected the minor vessels and provided the least false negatives, which is extremely important for diagnosis. The proposed method provides an automatic and accurate segmentation mask that can be used to highlight the vessel pixels. This detected vasculature can be utilized to compute the ratio between the vessel and the non-vessel pixels and distinguish between diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies, and morphology can be analyzed for related retinal disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Sayoko Moroi ◽  
Michelle Hood ◽  
Carrie Karvonen Gutierrez ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Brenda Gillespie ◽  
...  

Abstract Based on the 2018 American Academy of Neurology guideline, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (CI) increases from 6.7% at 60-64 years to 25.2% at 80-84 years. There is interest to identify potential biomarkers in the retina for CI and dementia. The aims of this analysis was to test whether hypertensive retinopathy (HR) was associated with cognitive function using data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), Michigan cohort. SWAN, launched in 1996/97, is a longitudinal study of women traversing midlife and into late adulthood. Starting in 2000, cognitive function tests were administered: East Boston Memory Test immediate (EBMTi) and 10-minute delay (EBMTd) for verbal episodic memory; digit span backwards (DSB) for working memory; and symbol digits modalities test (SDMT) for perception speed, motor speed, and visual scanning. Z-scores were calculated for EBMTi, EBMTd, DSB and SDMT and averaged at follow-up visit 15 (2015/16). Eye exams were performed on 255 women (66 + 2.6 years) at follow-up visit 16 (2016/17). HR was based on presence/absence of arteriovenous nicking. Logistic regression showed a statistically significant association of lower average cognitive Z-score with HR (p-value 0.03, beta=-0.21 [95% confidence interval: -0.40 to -0.02]) adjusting for measured hypertension or anti-hypertensive drugs, years of measured hypertension, race, education, and age. Preliminary results indicate that HR is associated with lower cognitive test scores in women in their 60s-70s. This association between a simple ophthalmic exam finding of systemic hypertension, i.e., arteriovenous nicking, and lower cognitive function is consistent with a cerebrovascular mechanism of CI.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054225
Author(s):  
Nishanthan Ramachandran ◽  
Ole Schmiedel ◽  
Ehsan Vaghefi ◽  
Sophie Hill ◽  
Graham Wilson ◽  
...  

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of incidental non-diabetic ocular comorbidities detected at first screen in a large diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programme.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.SettingSingle large metropolitan diabetic eye screening programme in Auckland, New Zealand.ParticipantsTwenty-two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one participants who attended screening from September 2008 to August 2018.ResultsHypertensive retinopathy (HTR) was observed in 14.2% (3236/22 771) participants. Drusen were present in 14.0% participants under the age of 55 years, increasing to 20.5% in those 55 years and older. The prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was 0.5% in participants aged<55 years, 2.4% in participants aged 55–75 years and 16% in participants aged>75 years. Retinal vein occlusion and retinal arterial embolus were prevalent in 0.7% and 0.02%, respectively, in participants aged<55 years, increasing to 2.2% and 0.4%, respectively, in those >75 years. Cataracts were common being present in 37.1% of participants over the age of 75 years. Only 386 individuals (1.7%) were labelled as glaucoma suspects. Geographic atrophy, epiretinal membrane, choroidal nevi and posterior capsular opacification had an increased prevalence in older individuals.ConclusionsOur data suggest that AMD, HTR and cataracts are routinely detected during DR screening. The incorporation of the detection of these ocular comorbidities during DR screening provide opportunities for patients to modify risk factors (smoking cessation and diet for AMD, blood pressure for HTR) and allow access to cataract surgery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
K. Revathy M.S ◽  
◽  
N. Kasturi Bai M.S ◽  
Rambe Krishna Priya ◽  
◽  
...  

Aim:To study the fundus changes in post COVID- Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Methods: The study was done by collecting data from 30 cases of ROCM admitted in GGH, Kurnool. Detailed history was taken along with systemic ,ENT, ophthalmic and neurological examination and all necessary investigations were done including contrast enhanced MRI. Treatment was started with systemic and retrobulbar amphotericin-B injections. Fundus pictures were taken. Results: All of them had history of infection with covid-19 dated about 3-5 weeks back. Among them 18 had corticosteroid administration, 12 had oxygen with nasal prongs/mask, 2 had high flow/non-invasive ventilation. All of them were diabetics and 21 were hypertensives.Most of them had orbital/facial pain & edema, headache, 24 patients had proptosis, 16 had ptosis, 20 had ocular movement restriction,18 had loss of vision. In Contrast Enhanced MRI scan, 28 cases showed diffuse PNS involvement,4 had medial orbital involvement, 8 had diffuse orbital involvement,18 had involvement of orbital apex, 6 had CNS involvement. Fundus examination revealed optic atrophy in 15 cases, 5 had CRAO and 3 had CRVO,8 had diabetic retinopathy,4 had hypertensive retinopathy, others had no significant abnormality. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection which has been on rise in India with the 2nd wave of COVID-19. Early diagnosis and management are essential to halt the spread of infection and prevent diminution of vision and therefore, further improve the visual outcome and overall prognosis of the patient.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
A. O. Direev ◽  
I. V. Munts ◽  
E. S. Mazurenko ◽  
M. Yu. Shapkina ◽  
A. N. Ryabikov ◽  
...  

Aim. To study associations of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with ophthalmic diseases in a population sample of men and women from middle to old age (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. The population cohort was initially studied in 2003-2005 (n=9360, 45-69 years old, Novosibirsk, the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project). At the second survey (2015-2017) in a random subsample (n=1011), the following ophthalmic diseases were identified: hypertensive retinopathy (HR), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic disc abnormalities, etc.Results. The prevalence of HR signs in persons with and without hypertension (HTN) was 81 and 46%, respectively (p<0,001). This association persisted regardless of other factors (odds ratio, 2,27 (95% confidence interval: 1,78-4,17). The prevalence of AMD, cataract and DR increased in HTN, but associations were largely explained by metabolic factors in multivariate models. People with T2D more often than without T2D had signs of DR (9,3 vs 0,4%, p<0,001), AMD (22 vs 17%, p=0,042) and glaucoma (14 vs 7%, p=0,001). Associations of T2D with DR and glaucoma persisted regardless of other factors. Individuals with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) were 1,6 times more likely to have HR than those without CA when adjusted for sex, age, and smoking (p=0,013).Conclusion. In the surveyed population sample of mainly elderly people, a number of associations between cardiometabolic and common ophthalmic diseases were revealed. The identified comorbidities may have important therapeutic and prophylactic applications in an aging population.


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