metabolic parameters
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2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Fioralba Pindozzi ◽  
Carlo Socci ◽  
Massimiliano Bissolati ◽  
Monica Marchi ◽  
Elisabetta Devecchi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Duong Duc Pham ◽  
Jaekyung Song ◽  
Yunwan Jeon ◽  
Ibrahimi Hajar ◽  
Chae Hun Leem

Abstract Context Impact of baseline and alteration of metabolic parameters (MPs), including plasma glucose (PGs) testing, insulin resistance surrogates, and lipid profile and their mutual interactions on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has not been investigated systematically. Objective To access the association of the past variability (V), past mean (M), and the baseline (B) values of various MPs and their mutual interaction with the risk of T2DM. Design Longitudinal analysis from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Setting Community-based Participants 3829 non-diabetic participants with completed MPs measurements during three biannually visits were followed up over the next 10 years. Outcomes Incidence of T2DM during the follow up. Results Among predictors, PG concentrations measured during the oral glucose tolerance test were the most prominent T2DM determinants, in which the M of the average value of fasting PG, 1-h, and 2-h PGs had the strongest discriminative power (hazard ratios and 95% CI for an increment of SD: 3.00 (2.5–3.26), AUC: 0.82). The M values of MPs were superior to their B and V values in predicting T2DM, especially among post-load PGs. Various mutual interactions between indices and among MPs were found. The most consistent interactants were the M values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the M and V values of fasting PG. The findings were similar in normal tolerance glucose participants and were confirmed by sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The post-load PGs, past alteration of measurements, and mutual interactions among indices of MPs are important risk factors for T2DM development.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Sungmin Kang ◽  
Joo Dong Kim ◽  
Dong Lak Choi ◽  
Byungwook Choi

This study evaluated the prognostic value of metabolic parameters based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized by total body weight (bwSUV) and by lean body mass (SUL) measured on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for predicting tumor recurrence after primary living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without transplantation locoregional therapy. This retrospective study enrolled 49 patients with HCC. The maximum tumor bwSUV (T-bwSUVmax) and SUL (T-SULmax) were measured on PET. The maximum bwSUV (L-bwSUVmax), mean bwSUV (L-bwSUVmean), maximum SUL (L-SULmax), and mean SUL (L-SULmean) were measured in the liver. All metabolic parameters were evaluated using survival analyses and compared to clinicopathological factors. Tumor recurrence occurred in 16/49 patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that all metabolic parameters were significant (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that prothrombin-induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; T-stage; tumor number; tumor size; microvascular invasion; the Milan criteria, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and up-to-seven criteria; T-bwSUVmax/L-bwSUVmean; T-SULmax; T-SULmax/L-SULmax; and T-SULmax/L-SULmean were significant predictors. Multivariate analysis revealed that the T-SULmax/L-SULmean (hazard ratio = 115.6; p = 0.001; cut-off, 1.81) and UCSF criteria (hazard ratio = 172.1; p = 0.010) were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. SUL-based metabolic parameters, especially T-SULmax/L-SULmean, were significant, independent predictors of HCC recurrence post-LDLT.


PLoS Genetics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1009992
Author(s):  
Shivohum Bahuguna ◽  
Magda Atilano ◽  
Marcus Glittenberg ◽  
Dohun Lee ◽  
Srishti Arora ◽  
...  

The gut sets the immune and metabolic parameters for the survival of commensal bacteria. We report that in Drosophila, deficiency in bacterial recognition upstream of Toll/NF-κB signalling resulted in reduced density and diversity of gut bacteria. Translational regulation factor 4E-BP, a transcriptional target of Toll/NF-κB, mediated this host-bacteriome interaction. In healthy flies, Toll activated 4E-BP, which enabled fat catabolism, which resulted in sustaining of the bacteriome. The presence of gut bacteria kept Toll signalling activity thus ensuring the feedback loop of their own preservation. When Toll activity was absent, TOR-mediated suppression of 4E-BP made fat resources inaccessible and this correlated with loss of intestinal bacterial density. This could be overcome by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TOR, which restored bacterial density. Our results give insights into how an animal integrates immune sensing and metabolism to maintain indigenous bacteria in a healthy gut.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wook Yi ◽  
Keunyoung Kim ◽  
Myungsoo Im ◽  
Soree Ryang ◽  
Eun Heui Kim ◽  
...  

AbstractWe evaluated the associations between metabolic parameters with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume in women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and we compared the VAT volume with the VAT area. We enrolled women aged > 20 years with prediabetes or T2DM, who underwent oral glucose tolerance test and whose VAT was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) at our institution between 2017 and 2019. All participants underwent unenhanced spiral CT with a 3-mm slice thickness from the level of the diaphragm to the level of the mid-thigh. The two VAT areas were defined as the free drawn area on the levels of the umbilicus and L2 vertebra. The VAT areas were also manually drawn from the level of the diaphragm to the level of the pelvic floor and were used to calculate the VAT volumes by summing all areas with a slice thickness of 3 mm after setting the attenuation values from −45 to −195 Hounsfield Unit. All metabolic characteristics, except blood pressure, were significantly correlated with the VAT volume. The VAT areas measured at the level of the L2 vertebra and umbilicus were correlated with serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Framingham steatosis index alone. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that the VAT volume was significantly associated with several metabolic parameters. In conclusion, in women with prediabetes and T2DM, the VAT volume acquired from CT-based calculation has more significant correlations with metabolic risk factors compared with the VAT area.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Weissenbacher ◽  
John P. Stone ◽  
Maria Letizia Lo Faro ◽  
James P. Hunter ◽  
Rutger J. Ploeg ◽  
...  

Kidney transplantation is the best renal-replacement option for most patients with end-stage renal disease. Normothermic machine preservation (NMP) of the kidney has been studied extensively during the last two decades and implemented in clinical trials. Biomarker research led to success in identifying molecules with diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic properties in chronic kidney disease. However, perfusate biomarkers and potential predictive mechanisms in NMP have not been identified yet. Twelve discarded human kidneys (n = 7 DBD, n = 5 DCD) underwent NMP for up to 24 h. Eight were perfused applying urine recirculation (URC), four with replacement of urine (UR) using Ringer's lactate. The aim of our study was to investigate biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, and L-FABP), cells and cytokines in the perfusate in context with donor characteristics, perfusate hemodynamics and metabolic parameters. Cold ischemia time did not correlate with any of the markers. Perfusates of DBD kidneys had a significantly lower number of leukocytes after 6 h of NMP compared to DCD. Arterial flow, pH, NGAL and L-FABP correlated with donor creatinine and eGFR. Arterial flow was higher in kidneys with lower perfusate lactate. Perfusate TNF-α was higher in kidneys with lower arterial flow. The cytokines IL-1β and GM-CSF decreased during 6 h of NMP. Kidneys with more urine output had lower perfusate KIM-1 levels. Median and 6-h values of lactate, arterial flow, pH, NGAL, KIM-1, and L-FABP correlated with each other indicating a 6-h period being applicable for kidney viability assessment. The study results demonstrate a comparable cytokine and cell profile in perfusates with URC and UR. In conclusion, clinically available perfusate and hemodynamic parameters correlate well with donor characteristics and measured biomarkers in a discarded human NMP model.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurii Stafeev ◽  
Maria Boldyreva ◽  
Svetlana Michurina ◽  
Elizaveta Mamontova ◽  
Elizaveta Ratner ◽  
...  

Background: Among vascular pathologies associated with obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD) occupies the important position. In clinical practice, nutritional interventions are recommended for patients with PAD. In this work, we investigated how the different dietary backgrounds affect the regeneration rate of ischemic hindlimb in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were housed on three types of diet: low-fat (LFD), high-fat (HFD), and grain-based diet (GBD) for 13 weeks. Metabolic parameters including FBG level, ITT, and GTT were evaluated. The blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler scanning on 7, 14, and 21 days after hindlimb ischemia. Necrotic area of m.tibialis, macrophage infiltration, and angiogenesis/arteriogenesis were evaluated by histology. Glucose uptake in recovered skeletal muscle was analyzed using [3H]-2-deoxyglucose, and GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression were assessed by Western blotting.Results: In our work, we developed three experimental groups with different metabolic parameters: LFD with normal glucose metabolism, GBD with mild hyperglycemia, and HFD with impaired glucose tolerance. GBD-fed mice had a tendency to increase necrosis of m. tibialis and significantly higher macrophage infiltration than LFD and HFD groups. Moreover, GBD-fed mice had a trend to decreased blood flow recovery and significantly impaired arteriogenesis. Recovered skeletal muscle of GBD-fed mice had lower glucose uptake and decreased level of GLUT4 expression.Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that dietary background and metabolic status determine the rate of post-ischemic regeneration including angiogenesis, skeletal muscle recovery and metabolic activity. The most effective regeneration is supported by LFD, while the lowest rate of regeneration occurs on GBD.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Toby Pillinger ◽  
Robert A. McCutcheon ◽  
Oliver D. Howes

Abstract Background First-episode psychosis (FEP) is associated with metabolic alterations. However, it is not known if there is heterogeneity in these alterations beyond what might be expected due to normal individual differences, indicative of subgroups of patients at greater vulnerability to metabolic dysregulation. Methods We employed meta-analysis of variance, indexed using the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR), to compare variability of the following metabolic parameters in antipsychotic naïve FEP and controls: fasting glucose, glucose post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin, insulin resistance, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Standardised mean difference in metabolic parameters between groups was also calculated; meta-regression analyses examined physiological/demographic/psychopathological moderators of metabolic change. Results Twenty-eight studies were analysed (1716 patients, 1893 controls). Variability of fasting glucose [CVR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.55; p = 0.001], glucose post-OGTT (CVR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.10–1.87; p = 0.008), fasting insulin (CVR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.09–1.58; p = 0.01), insulin resistance (CVR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.12–1.60; p = 0.001), HbA1c (CVR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.06–1.27; p < 0.0001), total-cholesterol (CVR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.01–1.31; p = 0.03), LDL-cholesterol (CVR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.09–1.50; p = 0.002), and HDL-cholesterol (CVR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.00–1.31; p < 0.05), but not triglycerides, was greater in patients than controls. Mean glucose, glucose post-OGTT, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and triglycerides were greater in patients; mean total-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were reduced in patients. Increased symptom severity and female sex were associated with worse metabolic outcomes. Conclusions Patients with FEP present with greater variability in metabolic parameters relative to controls, consistent with a subgroup of patients with more severe metabolic changes compared to others. Understanding determinants of metabolic variability could help identify patients at-risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Female sex and severe psychopathology are associated with poorer metabolic outcomes, with implications for metabolic monitoring in clinical practice.


Medicine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e28361
Author(s):  
Tongyun Qi ◽  
Xueqing Wang ◽  
Yizhou Huang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Linjuan Ma ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpitak Pongkan ◽  
Chanon Piamsiri ◽  
Sirada Dechvongya ◽  
Verasak Punyapornwitthaya ◽  
Chavalit Boonyapakorn

Abstract Background Cardiac wall stress and high oxidative stress are often found in cases of myxomatous mitral valve degenerative (MMVD) disease and can lead to myocardial injuries and cardiac dysfunction. Melatonin, an antioxidant, has been shown to exert cardioprotection in laboratory animal models. However, its effect on metabolic parameters and left ventricular (LV) adaptation in MMVD dogs has rarely been investigated. This clinical trial hypothesized that a melatonin supplement for 4 weeks would improve metabolic parameters, LV structure (diameters and wall thickness), and LV function in MMVD dogs. Blood profiles, echocardiograms, and oxidative stress levels were obtained from 18 dogs with MMVD stage B2 and C at baseline and after prescribed Melatonin (2 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Eleven dogs with MMVD stage B2 and C, which received a placebo, were evaluated as a control group. Results In this clinical trial, the baseline plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was no different between the treatment and placebo groups. The post-treatment plasma MDA levels (4.50 ± 0.63 mg/mL) in the treatment group was significantly decreased after 4 weeks of melatonin supplementation compared to pre-treatment levels (7.51 ± 1.11 mg/mL) (P = 0.038). However, blood profiles and LV structure and function investigated using echocardiography were found not to different between pre-and post-treatment in each group. No adverse effects were observed following melatonin supplementation. Conclusions This clinical trial demonstrated that a melatonin supplement for 4 weeks can attenuate oxidative stress levels in MMVD dogs, especially in MMVD stage C, but does not result in LV structural changes or LV function in MMVD dogs of either stage B2 or stage C.


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