scholarly journals Mental and Physical Self-Awareness of Alzheimer Patients: Decreased Awareness of Amnesia and Increased Fear of Falling Compared to Views of Families: The Tajiri and Wakuya Projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kumai ◽  
Nobuko Kawabata ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Junko Takada ◽  
Kei Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
State Examination

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The purpose of this study is to examine self-awareness of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) regarding forgetfulness and physical status, with the goal of further psychological understanding of these patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The 255 subjects included 33 healthy volunteers and 48 patients with mild cognitive impairment who were elderly community residents selected from the 2017 Wakuya Project and 174 consecutive outpatients with AD at the Tajiri Clinic. Test data were selected from a pooled database. Results from the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Short Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES), and Everyday Memory Checklist (EMC) were used in the study. FES and EMC data were also obtained from family members for comparison. <b><i>Results:</i></b> EMC scores in the AD groups (mild to moderate and moderate to severe) were significantly higher (more complaining memory impairment) than those in the CDR 0 (healthy) group and significantly lower (less self-awareness for memory impairment) than the corresponding EMC scores of families of the subjects. In contrast, FES scores of the AD groups did not differ significantly from those of the CDR 0 group, and these scores were higher (more fear of falling) than those of family members. Additionally, family-FES scores of the AD groups were higher than those of the CDR 0 and 0.5 groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results showed an evidence of the heterogeneity of awareness, an emotional response (concern or fear, FES), and a cognitive appraisal of function (EMC). These may be explained whereby awareness of/fear of falling increases with AD due to a preserved emotional awareness, whereas awareness of cognitive impairment is impaired due to memory deficits.

scholarly journals Kanji and Kana agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A trans-cultural comparison of elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Akanuma ◽  
Kenichi Meguro ◽  
Mitsue Meguro ◽  
Rosa Yuka Sato Chubaci ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Questionable Dementia ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Japanese Subjects

Abstract This study verifies the environmental effects on agraphia in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We compared elderly Japanese subjects living in Japan and Brazil. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the database of the Prevalence Study 1998 in Tajiri (n=497, Miyagi, Japan) and the Prevalence Study 1997 of elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil (n=166, migrated from Japan and living in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area). In three Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) groups, i.e., CDR 0 (healthy), CDR 0.5 (questionable dementia), and CDR 1+ (dementia) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) item of spontaneous writing and the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domain of dictation were analyzed with regard to the number of Kanji and Kana characters. Formal errors in characters and pragmatic errors were also analyzed. Results: The immigrants in Brazil wrote similar numbers of Kanji or Kana characters compared to the residents of Japan. In spontaneous writing, the formal Kanji errors were greater in the CDR 1+ group of immigrants. In writing from dictation, all the immigrant CDR groups made more formal errors in Kana than the Japan residents. No significant differences in pragmatic errors were detected between the two groups. Conclusions: Subjects living in Japan use Kanji frequently, and thus the form of written characters was simplified, which might be assessed as mild formal errors. In immigrants, the deterioration in Kanji and Kana writing was partly due to decreased daily usage of the characters. Lower levels of education of immigrants might also be related to the number of Kanji errors.

scholarly journals Comparing measures of decline to dementia in amnestic MCI subjects in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Monsell ◽  
Danping Liu ◽  
Sandra Weintraub ◽  
Walter A. Kukull
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Global Test ◽  
Allele Status ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTBackground: Many studies have investigated factors associated with the rate of decline and evolution from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in elderly patients. In this analysis, we compared the rates of decline to dementia estimated from three common global measures of cognition: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB) score, and a neuropsychological tests composite score (CS).Methods: A total of 2,899 subjects in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set aged 65+ years diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were included in this analysis. Population-averaged decline to dementia rates was estimated and compared for standardized MMSE, CDR-SB, and CS using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Associations between rate of decline and several potential correlates of decline were also calculated and compared across measures.Results: The CDR-SB had the steepest estimated slope, with a decline of 0.49 standard deviations (SD) per year, followed by the MMSE with 0.22 SD per year, and finally the CS with 0.07 SD per year. The rate of decline of the three measures differed significantly in a global test for differences (p < 0.0001). Age at visit, body mass index (BMI) at visit, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele status, and race (black vs. white) had significantly different relationships with rate of decline in a global test for difference among the three measures.Conclusions: These results suggest that both the rate of decline and the effects of AD risk factors on decline to dementia can vary depending on the evaluative measure used.

Validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination as a Screening Instrument for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in French Elderly Community Residents

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Gagnon ◽  
Luc Letenneur ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
Daniel Commenges ◽  
Jean-Marc Orgogozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
State Examination

Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State Examination score among community residents

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Fillenbaum ◽  
D. C. Hughes ◽  
A. Heyman ◽  
L. K. George ◽  
D. G. Blazer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
State Examination

SynopsisMini-Mental State findings from an age 60+ random community sample (N = 1681) indicate that score is related to education, age and race (but not sex) and to functional status, but not to selected aspects of physical or mental health. Adjustment for demographic characteristics, particularly education, is recommended lest cognitive impairment be overestimated.

scholarly journals Rapid Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
YanHong Dong ◽  
Way Inn Koay ◽  
Leonard Leong Litt Yeo ◽  
Christopher Li-Hsian Chen ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cognitive Screen ◽  
State Examination

Aim. This study sought to establish the discriminant validity of a rapid cognitive screen, that is, the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) 5-minute protocol, and compare its discriminant validity to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in detecting cognitive impairment (CI) in PD patients.Methods. One hundred and one PD patients were recruited from a movement disorders clinic in Singapore and they received the NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol, MoCA, and MMSE. No cognitive impairment (NCI) was defined as Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) = 0 and CI was defined as CDR ≥ 0.5.Results. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol was statistically equivalent to MoCA and larger than MMSE (0.86 versus 0.90,P=0.07; 0.86 versus 0.76,P=0.03). The sensitivity of NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol (<9) was statistically equivalent to MoCA (<22) (0.77 versus 0.85,P=0.13) and superior to MMSE (<24) (0.77 versus 0.52,P<0.01) in detecting CI, while the specificity of NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol (<9) was statistically equivalent to MoCA (<22) and MMSE (<24) (0.78 versus 0.88,P=0.34).Conclusion. The NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol is time expeditious while remaining statistically equivalent to MoCA and superior to MMSE and therefore is suitable for rapid cognitive screening of CI in PD patients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Impact Aerobic Exercise on Elderly with Dementia Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Ayu Tanzila ◽  
Sheilla Yonaka Lindri ◽  
Nindia Rahma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
State Examination

In the elderly population, at least 10% of those over 65 years old and 50% of those over 80 years old experience a decline in cognitive function that varies from a cognitive decline due to normal aging (age-associated memory impairment/AAMI) to a mild cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment/MCI) and dementia. Dementia is an intellectual disorder that affects the cognitive function, memory, language function, and visuospatial function that causes irreversible changes. Many studies have stated that lifestyle management in the form of increased physical activity has a protective effect on impaired cognitive functions, inhibits cognitive function decline, and even improves cognitive function in healthy elderly people and elderly with mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Low impact aerobic exercise is a physical activity that is useful and suitable for the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of low impact aerobic exercise on the cognitive function of elderly people with dementia. This was a quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest method that involved elderly people from Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=38) from December 2018 to February 2019. Treatment provided was a low impact aerobic exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. Dementia was then measured before and after treatment using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). The mean values of gymnastics before the treatment and after the treatment were 18.36±4.559 and 19.69±5.724, respectively. A p value of 0.000 was obtained using the Wilcoxon test. In summary, low impact aerobic exercise influences the cognitive function of the elderly with dementia. PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK LOW IMPACT TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF USILA DENGAN DEMENSIAPada usia lanjut (usila), sedikitnya 10% dari yang berusia lebih dari 65 tahun dan 50% dari yang berusia lebih dari 80 tahun mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yang bervariasi mulai dari penurunan kognitif karena penuaan normal (age-associate memory impairment/AAMI) serta penurunan kognitif ringan (mild cognitive impairment/MCI) hingga demensia. Demensia adalah gangguan intelektual yang meliputi fungsi kognitif, daya ingat, bahasa, fungsi visuospasial, dan bersifat ireversibel. Banyak studi menyatakan bahwa manajemen gaya hidup berupa peningkatan aktivitas fisik mempunyai efek protektif terhadap gangguan fungsi kognitif, menghambat penurunan fungsi kognitif, serta bahkan meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada usila yang sehat dan usila dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif ringan sampai demensia. Senam aerobik low impact merupakan aktifitas fisik yang bermanfaat dan cocok diberikan kepada usila. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik low impact terhadap fungsi kognitif usila dengan demensia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi-experimental dengan metode pretest-posttest one group yang melibatkan usila dari Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia yang dipilih berdasar atas kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi (n=38) dari bulan Desember 2018 hingga Februari 2019. Perlakuan yang diberikan berupa senam aerobik low impact 3 kali per minggu selama 5 minggu. Demensia kemudian diukur sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Nilai rerata senam sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakuan adalah 18,36±4,559 dan 19,69±5,724 masing-masing. Nilai p=0,000 didapatkan dengan menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon. Simpulan, senam aerobik low impact memengaruhi fungsi kognitif usila dengan demensia.

scholarly journals A Case Report of a Patient with Mild Cognitive Impairment Treated with Gugijihwang-tang

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082-1093
Author(s):  
Mi-so Park ◽  
Seock-man Kang ◽  
Dai-won Yoo ◽  
In-cheol Chae ◽  
Gyeong-soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Irreversible Brain Damage ◽  
State Examination ◽  
With Memory

Objective: Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive, irreversible brain damage and cognitive decline. Although the diagnosis and treatment of the prodromal symptoms of dementia are important, no treatment for mild cognitive impairment has been currently established. Herein, we report the case of an 80-year-old female patient with memory complaints treated with Gugijihwang-tang, a traditional Korean medicine herbal formula, as an add-on medication.Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment based on clinical examinations using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, Global Deterioration (GDR) Scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. She was treated with Gugijihwang-tang bis in die for 12 months while continuing her original medications, including 5-mg donepezil and 590-mg acetyl-l-carnitine. The MMSE score in the Korean Version of the CERAD Assessment Packet increased from 21 to 27 during the 12-month treatment period, and the CERAD 2 score increased from 33 to 62. The instrumental ADL scale score improved from 11 to 5. Other clinical examination results also showed improvement. The patient was satisfied and experienced no significant adverse events related to the Gugijihwang-tang treatment.Conclusion: This case suggests that Gugijihwang-tang could be considered as a treatment method for patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Global measures: utility in defining and measuring treatment response in dementia

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reisberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Treatment Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Prevention Trials ◽  
Fast Procedure ◽  
State Examination

Global measures used in treatment trials in dementia encompass two distinct categories: (1) clinician's interview-based global severity scales, and (2) clinician's interview-based global change scales.The global severity scales that have been used include: the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the related CDR-sum of boxes (CDR-SB), the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) procedure. The global severity scales are clearly useful in subject categorization in treatment trials, in part because they are relatively free of many of the sociocultural biases inherent in mental status and psychometric descriptors. Global severity scales can also be used to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in terms of the general progression of the dementia process. These measures have also proven to be useful in sensitively assessing pharmacotherapeutic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment trials. For example, in pivotal trials: (1) in Mild to Moderate AD, the GDS has shown significant change in response to medication, whereas the results on the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were not significant, and (2) in Moderate to Severe AD, the FAST has shown significant pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, whereas the results using the MMSE were not significant.The global change scales employed in dementia trials differ widely in assessment methodology. Clinical Global Impressions of Change (CGIC) scales do not have defined methodologies, whereas Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input (CIBIC-Plus) scales are much more elaborate. The CIBIC-Plus procedures require an independent clinician assessment and can provide independent, comprehensive evidence of therapeutic efficacy. The CIBIC-Plus procedure may also be useful in sensitively assessing efficacy in future prevention trials, for example in subjects with Subjective Cognitive Impairment. For Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), global severity scales already appear to be one modality for the sensitive assessment of change. The CIBIC-Plus procedures might also productively be applied in future MCI therapeutic trials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document