scholarly journals Mobile communication (2G, 3G & 4G) and future interest of 5G in Pakistan: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Iqbal ◽  
Zulhasni Abdul Rahim ◽  
Syed Aamer Hussain ◽  
Norulhusna Ahmad ◽  
Hazilah Mad Kaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Mobile Communication Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The use of mobile communication is growing radically with every passing year. The new reality is the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication technology. 5G requires expensive infrastructural adjustment and upgradation. Currently, Pakistan has one of the most significant numbers of biometrically verified mobile users. However, at the same time, the country lags incredibly in the field of mobile internet adoption, with just half of the mobile device owners avail broadband subscription. It is a viable market with a large segment yet to be tapped. With the advancing progression in Pakistan towards the internet of things (IoT) connectivity, i.e., solar-powered home solutions, smart city projects, and on-board diagnostics (OBD), the urgency for speed, bandwidth and reliability are on the rise. In this paper, Pakistan's prevalent mobile communication networks, i.e., second, third and fourth generation (2G, 3G and 4G), were analyzed and examined in light of the country's demographics and challenges. The future of 5G in Pakistan was also discussed. The study revealed that non-infrastructural barriers influence the low adoption rate, which is the main reason behind the spectrum utilization gap, i.e., the use of 3G, and the 4G spectrum is minimal.</span>

Mobile Communication Technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
High Data ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Voice Data ◽  
Mobile Communication Technology

Since their birth in the early seventeenth and all along their different generations, mobile communication networks have crossed important evolutionary phases aiming to define increasingly sophisticated technologies allowing the provision of seamless global roaming, quality of service, and high data rates. Today, numerous technologies are co-existing to provide a unifying set of services. Improvements in telecommunication network infrastructures, evolution of digital technologies and standardization have together made it viable to use existing data networks for multimedia applications. This clearly reverses the trend of the past where networks were dedicated to a specific application. Integration of all types of information voice, data, video and image into a single network infrastructure is known as network convergence. The end result of this convergence is commonly referred to as the next-generation network (NGN), which, conceptually anyway, combines high-speed with the best features of each network. This chapter gives the details about the details of mobile communication technology.

The Top Loading Antenna with Fractal Photonic Crystal Used in TD-LTE System

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lin ◽  
Ting Lin ◽  
Yang Ge ◽  
Rong Rong Wang ◽  
Yong Ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Broadband Wireless ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Mobile Communication Terminal ◽  
Mobile Communication Technology

The performance of antenna has the conclusive influence to the performance of mobile communication terminal; one excellent-performance antenna can improve the communication quality of communication device greatly. With the developing of broadband wireless communication technology, the fourth generation mobile communication technology has advanced day after day, and will turn into practical soon. This article aim at the demand of the fourth generation mobile communication technologys standard of TD-LTE, combined with the fractal technology, photonic crystal texture and top loading technique, designing a fractal photonic crystal top loading antenna which can work in 2.6GHz frequency band, and make simulate analysis to the performance of antenna and make the sample of antenna to test. The result from simulation and test shows this antenna has a low return loss and the work bandwidth is big, which is suitable for the fourth generation mobile communications TD-LTE system.

Personalized Resources Recommendation System Design for Teachers Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5765-5768
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Wei ◽  
Le Xing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Network Technology ◽  
Safeguard Mechanism ◽  
Mobile Communication Technology ◽  
Teachers Training

With the integration of computer technology, network technology and mobile communication technology continuously, the formation of personalized resource recommendation has become possible. Based on teachers' demand investigation and analysis, this paper analyzes the teacher system architecture, personalized resource recommendation and service safeguard mechanism.

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