scholarly journals Endometrial prostaglandin F2α in vitro production and its modulation regarding dominant follicle position in cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e133937
Author(s):  
Fabiana Fernandes Bressan ◽  
Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive ◽  
Marcelo Demarchi Goissis ◽  
Vanessa Belentani Marques ◽  
Pauline Martins da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) determines luteolysis in cattle, and the ability to manipulate its endogenous synthesis is indispensible for large-scale animal breeding. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) modulate several molecular pathways in endometrial cells, including the synthesis of PGF2α; however, its specific mechanisms are still not totally known. This study investigated the production in vitro and possible modulation of endometrial PGF2α due to a local effect of endogenous E2 in the ipsilateral uterine horn (UH) containing the dominant follicle (DF) or from P4 in ipsilateral horn containing the corpus luteum (CL). The PGF2α stimulators oxytocin (OT) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) were incubated with endometrial explants, and PGF2α content was measured. For that, cycling cows were synchronized, the development of DF and CL was examined by ultrasonography and on the seventh day of the estrous cycle, endometrial explants were collected and cultured in medium supplemented with 10-6 M PDBu or 10-6 M OT or non-supplemented. Media samples were collected immediately after treatment and 60 min later. Radioimmunoassay showed that the PGF2α content of the UH ipsilateral to the DF was 49% less than that of the contralateral UH (8.22 ± 0.95 vs. 12.24 ± 0.95 pg/mL/mg tissue, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the PGF2α levels did not differ between the UHs as a function of the CL position (9.46 ± 0.95 vs. 11 ± 0.95 pg/mL/mg; P > 0.05). The cellular stimulators promoted an increase in PGF2α synthesis (P < 0.02), and the effects differed among the animals (P < 0.04). The PGF2a production was higher in the explants treated with PDBu rather than OT (13.68 ± 1.16 vs. 10.01 ± 1.16 pg/mL/mg tissue, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, PGF2α synthesis is modulated by the presence of the DF (local E2) but not the CL (local P4), and both PDBu and OT stimulated PGF2a synthesis.

scholarly journals Techniques for the In Vitro Production of Queens in Stingless Bees (Apidae, Meliponini)

Sociobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Baptistella ◽  
Camila C. M. Souza ◽  
Weyder Cristiano Santana ◽  
Ademilson Espencer Egea Soares
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Vitro Production

Considering the ecological importance of stingless bees as caretakers and pollinators of a variety of native plants makes it necessary to improve techniques which increase of colonies’ number in order to preserve these species and the biodiversity associated with them. Thus, our aim was to develop a methodology of in vitro production of stingless bee queens by offering a large quantity of food to the larvae. Our methodology consisted of determining the amount of larval food needed for the development of the queens, collecting and storing the larval food, and feeding the food to the larvae in acrylic plates. We found that the total average amount of larval food in a worker bee cell of F. varia is approximately 26.70 } 3.55 μL. We observed that after the consumption of extra amounts of food (25, 30, 35 and 40 μL) the larvae differentiate into queens (n = 98). Therefore, the average total volume of food needed for the differentiation of a young larva of F. varia queen is approximately 61.70 } 5.00 μL. In other words; the larvae destined to become queens eat 2.31 times more food than the ones destined to become workers. We used the species Frieseomelitta varia as a model, however the methodology can be reproduced for all species of stingless bees whose mechanism of caste differentiation depends on the amount of food ingested by the larvae. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the in vitro technique developed herein, pointing to the possibility of its use as a tool to assist the production of queens on a large scale. This would allow for the artificial splitting of colonies and contribute to conservation efforts in native bees.

A Large-Scale In vitro Production System for Plasmodium falciparum

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Palmer ◽  
George S. N. Hui ◽  
Wasim A. Siddiqui ◽  
Edward L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Production System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

scholarly journals Effects of superstimulation with fsh on follicular population and recovery rate of oocytes in the growing phase of the first and second follicular wave

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2 - 3) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
S. Čech ◽  
V. Havlíček ◽  
M. Lopatářová ◽  
M. Vyskočil ◽  
R. Doležel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Vitro Production

Effectiveness of in vitro production of embryos (IVP) is limited among other factors by the recovery rate of oocytes. Gonadotropin superstimulation can improve the recovery rate of oocytes. The effect of FSH treatment on follicular population and recovery rate of oocytes at ovum pick-up (OPU) in the growing phase of the 1st as well as the 2nd follicular wave after superstimulation was the object of our experiment. Twelve unpregnant milking cows (15&ndash;20 kg milk per day) housed on a dairy farm were used in the experiment. The cows bearing corpus luteum were synchronized by PGF<sub>2 </sub>(day 0) and they were treated by FSH (Folicotropin inj. sicc. ad us vet., Spofa Prague, Czech Republic, single doses 80, 80, 80, 80, 40 and 40 UI) in 12 h intervals on days 12, 13 and 14. Transvaginal ultrasonographic puncture of oocytes in cows bearing a new corpus luteum was performed on day 7 (OPU 1, various phase of the follicular wave, removal of the dominant follicle) and it was repeated on days 10 (OPU 2, growing phase of the follicular wave &ndash; control), 16 (OPU&nbsp;3, growing phase of the first follicular wave after superstimulation) and 20 (OPU 4, growing phase of the second follicular wave after superstimulation). All follicles &gt; 2 mm were punctured. The ovarian follicles (ultrasonographically) and numbers and qualities of obtained oocytes (microscopically) were evaluated during and immediately after OPU. Follicular population was divided to small (FS, 2&ndash;5 mm), medium (FM, 5&ndash;9 mm) and large (FL, &gt; 9 mm) follicles. Oocytes were classified as 1st (intact cumulus, &gt; 3 layers of cumulus cells), 2nd (complete 1&ndash;3 layers of cumulus cells), 3rd (incomplete layers of cumulus cells, expanded cumulus mass) and 4th (absence of corona cells, degenerated oocytes) classes. Although we found the least of FS (x = 1.0) during OPU 3, significantly more FM (x = 24.7) and FL (x = 3.1) follicles were found at this procedure in comparison with others. Likewise a significantly higher number of oocytes (x = 8.1) was obtained at OPU 3 in comparison with OPU 1 and OPU 2. Significantly higher number of FM (x = 6.1) was found and non-significantly higher number of oocytes was obtained at OPU 4 in comparison with OPU 1 and 2. The results show that administration of FSH increases the number of follicles and the number of collected oocytes in the growing phase of the 1st follicular wave after superstimulation, nevertheless a higher number of follicles and a higher recovery rate of oocytes can be expected in the growing phase of the 2nd follicular wave after superstimulation as well.

Laboratory production of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Palta ◽  
M. S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Vitro Production

There is an increasing interest in large-scale in vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos through in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) of oocytes for faster multiplication of superior germplasm. The recovery of total and usable quality oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries is low in this species. The nuclear maturation rates of buffalo oocytes matured in the presence of follicular fluid or serum and hormones like luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol vary from 70 to 80% and are comparable to those reported for cattle oocytes. However, with fertilization rates of 40–55%, and the yield of blastocysts at around 10–15%, the efficiency of IVP is much lower than that in cattle. The in vitro sperm preparation procedures and the systems employed for performing IVF and culture of zygotes up to blastocyst stage are suboptimal and need substantial improvements. The quality and viability of blastocysts produced need to be checked by cell count, and after transfer to synchronized recipients, for development of quality control standards.

scholarly journals Large-scale in vitro production of red blood cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 3337-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Heshusius ◽  
Esther Heideveld ◽  
Patrick Burger ◽  
Marijke Thiel-Valkhof ◽  
Erica Sellink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Enucleated Rbc ◽  
Vitro Production

Key Points This article provides a defined GMP-grade medium and erythroid culture protocol, resulting in >90% enucleated RBC. This article provides a high-resolution database of RNA expression dynamics at daily intervals during terminal erythroid differentiation.

scholarly journals Large-scale in vitro production, refolding and dimerization of PsbS in different microenvironments

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithili Krishnan ◽  
Geri F. Moolenaar ◽  
Karthick Babu Sai Sankar Gupta ◽  
Nora Goosen ◽  
Anjali Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ANDROGENS BY FOLLICULAR TISSUE OF RABBITS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gospodarowicz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

ABSTRACT Incubation in vitro of rabbit follicles in separate experiments with dehydroepiandrosterone-14C (DHEA-14C), progesterone-14C and pregnenolone-3H in the presence of FSH gave the following results: 39 % of the radioactivity of DHEA-14C is converted to androstenedione and testosterone, while only 3 % of the radioactivity of either progesterone-14C or pregnenolone-3H is found in the androgen fraction. From the ratio of testosterone to androstenedione formed from the three precursors, the results are interpreted to mean that DHEA and pregnenolone, and not progesterone, are precursors of androgens in the follicle.

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