scholarly journals Egg parasitoids from the subfamily Scelioninae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in irrigated rice ecosystems across varied elevational ranges in southern India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 8898
Author(s):  
M Shweta ◽  
K. Rajmohana
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Malaise Traps

Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) is the most abundant family of parasitic Hymenoptera in rice ecosystems in southern India.  Members belonging to the subfamily Scelioninae were assessed in rice ecosystems along three elevation ranges, a highland (737m), midland (54m) and lowland (1.5m) in northcentral Kerala (southern India) during the pre-flowering to the milky-grain stage of paddy.  Malaise traps were employed as the standard specimen collection methodology with collections made for four weeks, using two malaise traps per field, from August 2008 to January 2009, serviced once a week. The study recorded a total of 198 individuals belonging to 38 species in 21 genera. The species diversity, richness, evenness as well as beta diversity were computed for the three sites along with ANOVA and it was concluded that, contrary to other studies on different taxa, elevation did not have any major effect on the overall diversity patterns in Platygastridae even though there was a difference in species assemblages. 

scholarly journals Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in three rice-growing tracts of Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 14681-14690
Author(s):  
Johnson Alfred Daniel ◽  
Kunchithapatham Ramaraju
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Western Zone ◽  
Cauvery Delta

Parasitic hymenoptera play a vital role in rice ecosystems as biocontrol agents of pests.  Surveys were conducted from August 2015 to January 2016 in three rice growing zones in Tamil Nadu: western zone, Cauvery Delta zone, and high rainfall zone.  A total of 3,151 parasitic hymenoptera were collected, of which 1,349 were collected from high rainfall zone, 1,082 from western zone, and 720 from Cauvery Delta zone.  Platygastridae, Ichneumonidae, and Braconidae were the most abundant families in all the three zones.  The species diversity, richness, evenness as well as beta diversity were computed for all three zones via Simpson’s, Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices.  The results showed the high rainfall zone to be the most diverse and the Cauvery Delta zone the least diverse, but with more evenness.  Pairwise comparison of zones using Jaccard’s index showed 75–79% species similarity. 

scholarly journals Floristic Diversity and Vegetation Analysis of Plants from Various Forest Types in Hosur Forest Division, Tamil Nadu, Southern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Umeshkumar L. TIWARI ◽  
Kaliamoorthy RAVIKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Forest Division

The study deals with the floristic diversity assessment and vegetation composition analysis in various forest types from Hosur Forest division situated in Eastern Ghats of Southern India, in the state of Tamil Nadu. The study recorded 468 species of plants belonging to 283 genera and 91 families, including Angiosperms (464 species), Pteridophytes (3 species) and Bryophytes (1 species). Of the total, 94 species are trees, 12 are lianas, 70 are shrubs, 34 species are climbers, 194 species are herbs, sedges 7, grasses 21, ferns 3 and 1 species of moss. The five most abundant families in Hosur Forest Division were Fabaceae (45 spp.), Poaceae (34 spp.), Acanthaceae (30 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (28 spp.) and Rubiaceae (25 spp.). The quantitative features such as density and important value index (IVI) varied greatly among forest and in different forest types. In the present study, the diversity index of shrubs and herbs were found to be higher than that of trees. The maximum species diversity was recorded in Southern dry mixed deciduous forest (SDMDF) followed by Southern Thorn Forest (STF) and Southern Thorn Scrub (STS). The species diversity (H) was recorded the highest for SDMDF (5.61) followed by STF (5.18) and the lowest for STS (5.12). The presence of large number of higher girth class tree species and low number of sapling and seedling indicates that the present forests investigated are old and exhibiting low regeneration.

Massive Species Diversity in a Sample of Ichneumonidae (Hym.) from Southern Sweden

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-290
Author(s):  
D.F. Owen ◽  
Bo W. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Malaise Traps

AbstractA sample of 10,994 Ichneumonidae caught in Malaise traps sited over a small stream in southern Sweden contained 758 species. This diversity of species is comparable to what can be expected in tropical areas for this family of insects and represents about a fifth of the number of Ichneumonid species known from the western Palaearctic.

Biodiversity of Insects in the Amazon: survey of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in Amazon rainforest areas in Amazonas state, Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Alexandre Somavilla ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Martins Moraes Junior ◽  
Marcio Luiz Oliveira ◽  
José Albertino Rafael
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Malaise Traps

The thematic network ‘Biodiversity of Insects in the Amazon’ is the first network among researchers of the Brazilian Amazon in terms of the increase of knowledge and provision of subsidies for the conservation of Amazonian biodiversity, focusing on insects, and disseminate this knowledge to different sectors of society. In this way, expeditions to six localities in the Amazonas State were carried out and we present here the results for social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae). We used two modified Malaise traps combined with two suspended traps from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 140 species and 20 genera were collected: 92 species and 18 genera in ZF-2-Manaus area, where the greatest diversity was recorded, followed by Tefé (73 species, 16 genera), Careiro-Castanho (72 species, 17 genera), Novo Airão (71 species, 16 genera), Presidente Figueiredo (62 species, 16 genera), and Ipixuna (58 species, 17 genera). Metapolybia rufata Richards, 1978 and Polybia diguetana du Buysson, 1905 were new records for Brazil, and other six species were first records for Amazonas state. The results indicate that further investigations should significantly increase the species diversity of wasps in the Amazon region and add more information to the knowledge of Polistinae diversity.

scholarly journals Historical climate change and speciation: neotropical seasonally dry forest plants show patterns of both Tertiary and Quaternary diversification

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1443) ◽  
pp. 515-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
Matt Lavin ◽  
Darién E. Prado ◽  
Colin A. Pendry ◽  
Susan K. Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Historical Climate ◽  
Rate Analysis

Historical climate changes have had a major effect on the distribution and evolution of plant species in the neotropics. What is more controversial is whether relatively recent Pleistocene climatic changes have driven speciation, or whether neotropical species diversity is more ancient. This question is addressed using evolutionary rate analysis of sequence data of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers in diverse taxa occupying neotropical seasonally dry forests, including Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae), robinioid legumes (Fabaceae), Chaetocalyx and Nissolia (Fabaceae), and Loxopterygium (Anacardiaceae). Species diversifications in these taxa occurred both during and before the Pleistocene in Central America, but were primarily pre–Pleistocene in South America. This indicates plausibility both for models that predict tropical species diversity to be recent and that invoke a role for Pleistocene climatic change, and those that consider it ancient and implicate geological factors such as the Andean orogeny and the closure of the Panama Isthmus. Cladistic vicariance analysis was attempted to identify common factors underlying evolution in these groups. In spite of the similar Mid–Miocene to Pliocene ages of the study taxa, and their high degree of endemism in the different fragments of South American dry forests, the analysis yielded equivocal, non–robust patterns of area relationships.

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