A new species of Atrypanius Bates, 1864 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) from Peruvian seasonally dry forests

A new species of the genus Atrypanius Bates, 1864 is described from Peru: Atrypanius unpanus n. sp., based on specimens collected from the campus of the National University of Piura, an important area of seasonally dry forest in the Piura region, northwestern Peru.

Modelos da Produtividade Primária Bruta em área de floresta tropical em sazonalmente seca, usando dados reflectância da vegetação de caatinga

R E S U M OArtigo recebido em XX/XX/2021 e aceito em XX/XX/2021 Os estudos da troca de energia nos ecossistemas fornecem informações importantes para a compreensão da Produtividade nos ecossistemas. A vegetação é um dos principais elementos da biosfera terrestre sendo responsável pela avaliação e funcionamento da atividade fotossintética bem como para as trocas de carbono entre os ecossistemas e a atmosfera. Neste contexto, a PPB é utilizada para avaliar, planejar e gerenciar os recursos ambientais frente as mudanças climáticas globais. Esse estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a Produção Primária Bruta no Bioma da Caatinga em Pernambuco. O estudo foi realizado na área de Floresta Tropical Sazonalmente Seca, a Caatinga no Estado de Pernambuco. Utilizou-se a refletância da superfície do produto (MOD09) a partir do MODIS/TERRA satélite do sensor, a refletância de superfície (SR) Landsat-8 e a reflectancia a superficie do fieldspec. Foram adquiridas nove cenas para o produto (MOD09), seis cenas para a refletância de superfície (SR) Landsat-8 e as mesmas datas das imagens foram utilizados os espectros de campo (filedspec). Foi realizada a seleção de amostras espectrais na imagem (espectros de referência), considerando o ponto espectral do local de coleta. Os modelos foram construídos a partir das combinações das bandas (ρ_350, ρ_351, ρ_352, ..., ρ_2500) suas transformações (ρ, 1/ρ, ln⁡(ρ), log_10⁡(ρ), √ρ, ρ^2, e^ρ). Os desempenhos dos modelos foram avaliados utilizando dois índices estatísticos, um de tendência (coeficiente de Pearson– r) e outro de desvio (Erro médio quadrático (RMSE– RMSE), e o PBIAS. Os resultados apontaram que os modelos calibrados demostraram bom desempenho na previsão com o uso das bandas do sensor OLI/Landsat 8 e do MODIS/Terra (MOD09GA). Models of Gross Primary Productivity in a seasonally dry tropical forest area using reflectance data from the Caatinga vegetationA B S T R A C TThe studies of energy exchange in ecosystems provide important information for the understanding of Productivity in ecosystems. Vegetation is one of the main elements of the terrestrial biosphere and is responsible for the evaluation and functioning of photosynthetic activity as well as for carbon exchanges between ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this context, a PPB is used to assess, plan and manage environmental resources in the face of global climate change. This study aims to evaluate a Gross Primary Production in the Caatinga Biome in Pernambuco. The study was carried out in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, a Caatinga in the State of Pernambuco. Use the product's surface reflectance (MOD09) from the sensor's MODIS / TERRA satellite and the Landsat-8 surface reflectance (SR), nine scenes for the product (MOD09), six scenes for surface reflectance (SR) Landsat-8 and similar data with fieldspec. A selection of spectral members in the image (reference spectra) was carried out, considering the spectral point of the collection site. The models were built from the combinations of the bands (ρ_350, ρ_351, ρ_352, ..., ρ_2500) their transformations (ρ, 1/ρ, ln⁡(ρ), log_10⁡(ρ), √ρ, ρ^2, e^ρ). The performances of the models were taken using two statistical indices, one of trend (Pearson's coefficient - r) and another of deviation (Mean square error (RMSE - RMSE), and PBIAS. The results showed that the calibrated models showed good performance in prediction using the OLI / Landsat 8 and MODIS / Terra (MOD09GA) bands.Keyword: Remote sensing, FieldSpec®3, Caatinga

Defining Biologically Meaningful Biomes Through Floristic, Functional, and Phylogenetic Data

While we have largely improved our understanding on what biomes are and their utility in global change ecology, conservation planning, and evolutionary biology is clear, there is no consensus on how biomes should be delimited or mapped. Existing methods emphasize different aspects of biomes, with different strengths and limitations. We introduce a novel approach to biome delimitation and mapping, based upon combining individual regionalizations derived from floristic, functional, and phylogenetic data linked to environmentally trained species distribution models. We define “core Biomes” as areas where independent regionalizations agree and “transition zones” as those whose biome identity is not corroborated by all analyses. We apply this approach to delimiting the neglected Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forest biome in northeast Brazil. We delimit the “core Caatinga” as a smaller and more climatically limited area than previous definitions, and argue it represents a floristically, functionally, and phylogenetically coherent unit within the driest parts of northeast Brazil. “Caatinga transition zones” represent a large and biologically important area, highlighting that ecological and evolutionary processes work across environmental gradients and that biomes are not categorical variables. We discuss the differences among individual regionalizations in an ecological and evolutionary context and the potential limitations and utility of individual and combined biome delimitations. Our integrated ecological and evolutionary definition of the Caatinga and associated transition zones are argued to best describe and map biologically meaningful biomes.

Incongruent Spatial Distribution of Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Functional Diversity in Neotropical Cocosoid Palms

Biodiversity can be quantified by taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Current evidence points to a lack of congruence between the spatial distribution of these facets due to evolutionary and ecological constraints. A lack of congruence is especially evident between phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity since the name and number of species are an artificial, yet commonly used, way to measure biodiversity. Here we hypothesize that due to evolutionary constraints that link phylogenetic and functional diversity, areas with higher phylogenetic and functional diversity will be spatially congruent in Neotropical cocosoid palms, but neither will be congruent with areas of high taxonomic diversity. Also, we hypothesize that any congruent pattern differs between rainforests and seasonally dry forests, since these palms recently colonized and diversified in seasonally dry ecosystems. We use ecological niche modeling, a phylogenetic tree and a trait database to test the spatial congruence of the three facets of biodiversity. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were negatively correlated. Phylogenetic and functional diversity were positively correlated, even though their spatial congruence was lower than expected at random. Taken together, our results suggest that studies focusing solely on large-scale patterns of taxonomic diversity are missing a wealth of information on diversification potential and ecosystem functioning.