A new species of Clypeocaenis Soldán 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Tamil Nadu, India

Clypeocaenis malzacheri sp. nov. is described from the Kottakudi River in southern India, based on larvae and eggs. Clypeocaenis malzacheri sp. nov. appears to be closely related to C. bisetosa Soldán. The new species is distinguished from this species and other congeners based on the structure of the frons; the structure, setation, and maculation of legs; the shape and orientation of the abdominal tergum II projection; and by the shape and denticulation of abdominal sternum IX. Updated couplets for an identification key to Clypeocaenis larvae in the Indomalayan region are provided. The total number of Clypeocaenis species is thereby increased to twelve in the world and seven in India.

A new species of Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Tamil Nadu, India

Nigrobaetis klugei sp. nov. is described based on nymphs from the Sastha falls of Western Ghats, Southern India. The nymph of Nigrobaetis klugei sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Oriental species of Nigrobaetis by the following combination of characters: (i) dorsal surface of the labrum with 1+3 long simple stout setae on the distal half; (ii) paraproct distally not expanded, with a reduced number of spines on distal margin (three large and two small spines); (iii) paraglossae slender, approximately as wide as glossae; (iv) absence of medioproximal spots in the abdominal tergites and (v) long and pointed triangular spines at the distal margin of abdominal tergites.

Study of Clinical Features and Diagnosis Pattern of Duchene Muscular Dystrophy in Southern India

Background Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle disorder that is characterized by proximal muscle weakness followed by a premature death in young boys. There is a low index of reports on diagnosis ratio and clinical features in Southern India. Objective The present study aimed to conduct an observational survey on preliminary analysis, family history, associated complaints, and diagnosis ratio of DMD in southern regions of India. Materials and Methods A systematic observation and survey were conducted on clinically confirmed DMD patients registered between 2019 and 2021 through the questionnaire. The questionnaire and pattern of study were identified by exploring published and unpublished studies available from electronic databases and critical assessment criteria considered by physicians. Preliminary analysis such as onset criteria, motor difficulties, milestone delay; family history and consanguinity analysis; chief complaints (ambulatory status, lordosis, respiratory, and cardiac outcomes), associated complaints such as enlarged tongue, oral hygiene, behavioral problems; and other similar parameters were studied. An assessment of the diagnosis rate and pattern was performed. Statistical analysis The data were reviewed and interpreted through statistical methods mean ± standard deviation represented as a percentage. Results In total, 400 DMD patients were included and 250 participated in the study. The onset age group was 2 to 5 years in 37% of the population. Milestone delay was seen in 86%; consanguinity marriage of parents was reported in 39%. Frequent falls were reported in 62% in 5 to 8 years old group. Wheelchair status was reported in 65% in 9 to 12 years old. Cervical and lumbar lordoses were seen in 57 and 69%, respectively, in above 13 years old. Respiratory and cardiac complications were 88 and 78% reported in above 13 years old, respectively. Other major associated complaints such as enlarged tongue were reported in 79%. Fifty-one percent underwent genetic diagnosis and 79% of the population underwent serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) analysis for the confirmation of DMD. Conclusion In this study population of South India, milestone delay was a major observation. Although there was a slight margin, family history shows “no blood relation among parents” in the majority of the study population. Chief complaints were predominantly severe above 13-year age group population. Serum CPK was the first choice for the first investigation, which is followed by a genetic diagnosis.

INSIGHTS INTO THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS IN AN INDIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY: A STUDY

‘JUPITER’ sugars India LTD was founded in 1941 in southern India as a private sugar factory. Later it enhanced its production from 1000 TCD to 8500 TCD in the year 1962. It was amalgamating many subunits and multi locational products into its main unit. The company has focused its attention on various projects and substantial resources. Subsequently, they have decided to organize the company into two units one in southern India and one in northern India. Sugar industry is a vital agro industry largely depends on agriculture in India and is extremely accountable for creating a major impact on rural economy in particular and the country's economic status on broad-spectrum. Sugar production has a yield in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times. Then subsequently evolutes around the globe1. Sugarcane is a native of tropical Indian domain and spread over to the vital segments of world. Sugarcane plantation would be carried out twice in every year in India. The majority of the sugar production in India takes at regional sugar mills2. Subsequently in the post independence era India contemplated for overall augmentation of sugar industry3. The Indian sugar industry is independent in its energy needs and further makes additional exportable power through cogeneration. The different byproducts of sugar industry likewise add to the economic development of the nation to advancing various additional industries. Sugarcane has developed as a multi-product crop utilized as an essential raw material for the manufacture of sugar, ethanol, paper, electricity and besides a cogeneration of subsidiary product.