scholarly journals In Search of Recollection and Familiarity Signals in the Hippocampus

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Wais ◽  
Larry R. Squire ◽  
John T. Wixted
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Memory Experiment

fMRI studies of recognition memory have often been interpreted to mean that the hippocampus selectively subserves recollection and that adjacent regions selectively subserve familiarity. Yet, many of these studies have confounded recollection and familiarity with strong and weak memories. In a source memory experiment, we compared correct source judgments (which reflect recollection) and incorrect source judgments (often thought to reflect familiarity) while equating for old–new memory strength by including only high-confidence hits in the analysis. Hippocampal activity associated with both correct source judgments and incorrect source judgments exceeded the activity associated with forgotten items and did so to a similar extent. Further, hippocampal activity was greater for high-confidence old decisions relative to forgotten items even when source decisions were at chance. These results identify a recollection signal in the hippocampus and may identify a familiarity signal as well. Similar results were obtained in the parahippocampal gyrus. Unlike in the medial temporal lobe, activation in prefrontal cortex increased differentially in association with source recollection.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Face Recognition Memory and the Volume of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Healthy Young Males

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E. Mackay ◽  
Neil Roberts ◽  
Andrew R. Mayes ◽  
John J. Downes ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right

A rigorous new methodology was applied to the study of structure function relationships in the living human brain. Face recognition memory (FRM) and other cognitive measures were made in 29 healthy young male subjects (mean age = 21.7 years) and related to volumetric measurements of their cerebral hemispheres and of structures in their medial temporal lobes, obtained using the Cavalieri method in combination with high resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI. Greatest proportional variability in volumes was found for the lateral ventricles (57%) for the cerebral hemispheres (8%) in the mean volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, temporal pole and temporal lobe on the right and left sides of the brain. The volumes of the right and left parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, temporal lobe, and left hippocampus were, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 12 multiple comparisons, significantly correlated with the volume of the corresponding hemisphere (p< 0.05). The volumes of all structures were highly correlated (p< 0.0002 for all comparisons) between the two cerebral hemispheres. There were no positive relationships between structure volumes and FRM score. However, the volume of the right amygdala was, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 38~multiple comparisons, found to be significantly smaller in the five most consistent high scorers compared to the five most consistent low scorers (t= 2.77,p= 0.025). The implications for possible relationships between healthy medial temporal lobe structures and memory are discussed.

scholarly journals Hippocampal activity during recognition memory co-varies with the accuracy and confidence of source memory judgments

Hippocampus ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Yu ◽  
Jeffrey D. Johnson ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Activity

scholarly journals Recognition Memory is Associated with Distinct Patterns of Regional Gray Matter Volumes in Young and Aged Monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C’iana P Cooper ◽  
Andrea T Shafer ◽  
Nicole M Armstrong ◽  
Sharyn L Rossi ◽  
Jennifer Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Structures

Abstract Cognitive aging varies tremendously across individuals and is often accompanied by regionally specific reductions in gray matter (GM) volume, even in the absence of disease. Rhesus monkeys provide a primate model unconfounded by advanced neurodegenerative disease, and the current study used a recognition memory test (delayed non-matching to sample; DNMS) in conjunction with structural imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to characterize age-related differences in GM volume and brain-behavior relationships. Consistent with expectations from a long history of neuropsychological research, DNMS performance in young animals prominently correlated with the volume of multiple structures in the medial temporal lobe memory system. Less anticipated correlations were also observed in the cingulate and cerebellum. In aged monkeys, significant volumetric correlations with DNMS performance were largely restricted to the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Importantly, interaction effects in an omnibus analysis directly confirmed that the associations between volume and task performance in the MTL and prefrontal cortex are age-dependent. These results demonstrate that the regional distribution of GM volumes coupled with DNMS performance changes across the lifespan, consistent with the perspective that the aged primate brain retains a substantial capacity for structural reorganization.

scholarly journals The human hippocampus contributes to both the recollection and familiarity components of recognition memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. 14378-14383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell B. Merkow ◽  
John F. Burke ◽  
Michael J. Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Signal ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesions

Despite a substantial body of work comprising theoretical modeling, the effects of medial temporal lobe lesions, and electrophysiological signal analysis, the role of the hippocampus in recognition memory remains controversial. In particular, it is not known whether the hippocampus exclusively supports recollection or both recollection and familiarity—the two latent cognitive processes theorized to underlie recognition memory. We studied recognition memory in a large group of patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) monitoring for epilepsy. By measuring high-frequency activity (HFA)—a signal associated with precise spatiotemporal properties—we show that hippocampal activity during recognition predicted recognition memory performance and tracked both recollection and familiarity. Through the lens of dual-process models, these results indicate that the hippocampus supports both the recollection and familiarity processes.

scholarly journals Decrements in Hippocampal Activity with Item Repetition during Continuous Recognition: An fMRI Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Suzuki ◽  
Jeffrey D. Johnson ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Right

fMRI (1.5 mm isotropic voxels) was employed to investigate the relationship between hippocampal activity and memory strength in a continuous recognition task. While being scanned, subjects were presented with colored photographs that each appeared on four occasions. The requirements were to make one response when an item was presented for the first or the third time and to make a different response when an item appeared for the second or the fourth time. Consistent with prior findings, items presented for the first time elicited greater hippocampal and parahippocampal activity than repeated items. The activity elicited by repeated items declined linearly as a function of number of presentations (“graded” new > old effects). No medial-temporal lobe regions could be identified where activity elicited by repeated items exceeded that for new items or where activity elicited by repeated items increased with number of presentations. These findings are inconsistent with the proposal that retrieval-related hippocampal activity is positively correlated with memory strength. We also identified graded new > old effects in several cortical regions outside the medial-temporal lobe, including the left retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex and the right lateral occipito-temporal cortex. By contrast, graded old > new effects were evident in bilateral mid-intraparietal sulcus and precuneus.

scholarly journals Pre-experimental Familiarization Increases Hippocampal Activity for Both Targets and Lures in Recognition Memory: An fMRI Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 4164-4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greig I. de Zubicaray ◽  
Katie L. McMahon ◽  
Lydia Hayward ◽  
John C. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Unequal Variance ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Model Account ◽  
List Discrimination

In the present study, items pre-exposed in a familiarization series were included in a list discrimination task to manipulate memory strength. At test, participants were required to discriminate strong targets and strong lures from weak targets and new lures. This resulted in a concordant pattern of increased “old” responses to strong targets and lures. Model estimates attributed this pattern to either equivalent increases in memory strength across the two types of items (unequal variance signal detection model) or equivalent increases in both familiarity and recollection (dual process signal detection [DPSD] model). Hippocampal activity associated with strong targets and lures showed equivalent increases compared with missed items. This remained the case when analyses were restricted to high-confidence responses considered by the DPSD model to reflect predominantly recollection. A similar pattern of activity was observed in parahippocampal cortex for high-confidence responses. The present results are incompatible with “noncriterial” or “false” recollection being reflected solely in inflated DPSD familiarity estimates and support a positive correlation between hippocampal activity and memory strength irrespective of the accuracy of list discrimination, consistent with the unequal variance signal detection model account.

scholarly journals EEG Correlates of Old/New Discrimination Performance Involving Abstract Figures and Non-Words

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Monika Toth ◽  
Anke Sambeth ◽  
Arjan Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
New Item

The processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli such as abstract figures and non-words is poorly understood. Here, we considered the role of memory strength in the discrimination process of such stimuli using a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm. Memory strength was manipulated as a function of the levels of processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Behavioral results were matched to brain responses using EEG. We found that correct identification of the new abstract figures and non-words was superior to old item recognition when they were merely studied without repetition, but not when they were semantically processed or drawn. EEG results indicated that successful new item identification was marked by a combination of the absence of familiarity (N400) and recollection (P600) for the studied figures. For both the abstract figures and the non-words, the parietal P600 was found to differentiate between the old and new items (late old/new effects). The present study extends current knowledge on the processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar figurative and verbal stimuli by showing that their discrimination depends on experimentally induced memory strength and that the underlying brain processes differ. Nevertheless, the P600, similar to pre-experimentally familiar figures and words, likely reflects improved recognition memory of meaningless pictorial and verbal items.

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