scholarly journals Neural Systems underlying Lexical Competition: An Eye Tracking and fMRI Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Righi ◽  
Sheila E. Blumstein ◽  
John Mertus ◽  
Michael S. Worden
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Fmri Study

The present study investigated the neural bases of phonological onset competition using an eye tracking paradigm coupled with fMRI. Eighteen subjects were presented with an auditory target (e.g., beaker) and a visual display containing a pictorial representation of the target (e.g., beaker), an onset competitor (e.g., beetle), and two phonologically and semantically unrelated objects (e.g., shoe, hammer). Behavioral results replicated earlier research showing increased looks to the onset competitor compared to the unrelated items. fMRI results showed that lexical competition induced by shared phonological onsets recruits both frontal structures and posterior structures. Specifically, comparison between competitor and no-competitor trials elicited activation in two nonoverlapping clusters in the left IFG, one located primarily within BA 44 and the other primarily located within BA 45, and one cluster in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus. These results indicate that the left IFG is sensitive to competition driven by phonological similarity and not only to competition among semantic/conceptual factors. Moreover, they indicate that the SMG is not only recruited in tasks requiring access to lexical form but is also recruited in tasks that require access to the conceptual representation of a word.

Neural systems engaged by romantic love: An fMRI study

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Aron ◽  
Helen Fisher ◽  
Debra Mashek ◽  
Greg Strong ◽  
Haifang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Love ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Brain Activation during Thoughts of One’s Own Death and Its Linear and Curvilinear Correlations with Fear of Death in Elderly Individuals: An fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanan Hirano ◽  
Kentaro Oba ◽  
Toshiki Saito ◽  
Shohei Yamazaki ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Negative Linear Correlation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Existential Issues

Abstract Facing one’s own death and managing the fear of death are important existential issues, particularly in older populations. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated brain responses to death-related stimuli, none has examined whether this brain activation was specific to one’s own death or how it was related to dispositional fear of death. In this study, during fMRI, 34 elderly participants (aged, 60–72 years) were presented with either death-related or death-unrelated negative words and asked to evaluate the relevance of these words to the “self” or the “other.” The results showed that only the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was selectively activated during self-relevant judgments of death-related words. Regression analyses of the effect of fear of death on brain activation during death-related thoughts identified a significant negative linear correlation in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and an inverted-U-shaped correlation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) only during self-relevant judgments. Our results suggest potential involvement of the SMA in the existential aspect of thoughts of death. The distinct fear-of-death-dependent responses in the SMG and PCC may reflect fear-associated distancing of the physical self and the processing of death-related thoughts as a self-relevant future agenda, respectively.

Role of left superior temporal gyrus during name recall process: An event-related fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Yagishita ◽  
Takamitsu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoki Asari ◽  
Hiroshi Ito ◽  
Motoichiro Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Intrinsic Brain Abnormalities in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Cognitive Impairment: A Preliminary Resting-State fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hong Zhang ◽  
Jia-Yan Shi ◽  
Chuanyin Zhan ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Hua-Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Complications

Purpose. Patients with a hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently exhibit various neuropsychiatric complications such as cognitive decline. This study is aimed at investigating alterations in regional and network-level neural function in patients with HCV infection and examining the association between these alterations and patients’ cognition dysfunction. Methods. The study included 17 patients with HCV infection and 17 healthy controls. These individuals had undergone resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as cognitive assessment using a battery of tests that were collectively called the “psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES)” examination. Analyses of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were conducted to assess, respectively, regional neural function and functional integration. Results. HCV-infected patients performed significantly worse in cognitive tests. In the HCV group, ALFF decreased in Region 1 (left medial frontal gyrus and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus) and Region 2 (right middle and superior frontal gyrus). The HCV group showed lower FC between Region 1 and right middle frontal gyrus, whereas they presented an increase in FC between Region 2 and the left supramarginal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus. No significant correlation was observed between ALFF/FC measurements and PHES result. Conclusion. This preliminary study presents additional evidence that HCV infection affects brain function, including local intrinsic neural activity and global functional integration.

scholarly journals Without insight accompanied with deteriorated brain functional alterations in healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2553-2558
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Zhuo ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
Xiaodong Lin ◽  
Hongjun Tian ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Functional Patterns

AbstractFew studies have reported on brain functional differences between healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations (Hi-AVH) with and without insight, so we designed a study to address this knowledge gap. We enrolled 12 Hi-AVH with insight, 15 Hi-AVH without insight, and 15 AVH-free controls (Healthy controls). Global functional connectivity density (gFCD) mapping was used to estimate brain networks. We found that the most common alterations in both Hi-AVH groups were increased gFCD in superior parietal lobule and superior temporal gyrus. We also found that distinct brain functional patterns of Hi-AVH without insight comprised lower gFCD in the frontal lobe oculomotor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, primary auditory cortex, sensorimotor cortex, ventral anterior, and posterior cingulate Our pilot findings support the hypothesis that abnormal reciprocal action in the circuits for processing perception, memory, language, and attentional control may be pathological features of auditory verbal hallucinations.

scholarly journals Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: A self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency

NeuroImage ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus M. Birn ◽  
Lauren Kenworthy ◽  
Laura Case ◽  
Rachel Caravella ◽  
Tyler B. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Vowel-specific mismatch responses in the anterior superior temporal gyrus: An fMRI study

Cortex ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Leff ◽  
Paul Iverson ◽  
Thomas M. Schofield ◽  
James M. Kilner ◽  
Jennifer T. Crinion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Oxytocin modulates the intrinsic dynamics between attention-related large scale networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xin ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Xinqi Zhou ◽  
Xiaole Ma ◽  
Yayuan Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Functional Dynamics ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Large Scale Networks

AbstractAttention and salience processing have been linked to the intrinsic between- and within-network dynamics of large scale networks engaged in internal (default mode network, DN) and external attention allocation (dorsal attention, DAN, salience network, SN). The central oxytocin (OXT) system appears ideally organized to modulate widely distributed neural systems and to regulate the switch between internal attention and salient stimuli in the environment. The current randomized placebo (PLC) controlled between-subject pharmacological resting-state fMRI study in N = 187 (OXT, n = 94; n = 93; single-dose intranasal administration) healthy male and female participants employed an independent component analysis (ICA) approach to determine the modulatory effects of OXT on the within- and between-network dynamics of the DAN-SN-DN triple network system. OXT increased the functional integration between subsystems within SN and DN and increased functional segregation of the DN with the SN and DAN engaged in attentional control. Whereas no sex differences were observed, OXT effects on the DN-SN interaction were modulated by autism traits. Together, the findings suggest that OXT may facilitate efficient attentional allocation towards social cues by modulating the intrinsic functional dynamics between DN components engaged in social processing and large-scale networks involved in external attentional demands (SN, DAN).

scholarly journals Weighted RSA: an improved framework on the perception of audio-visual affective speech in left insula and superior temporal gyrus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Xu ◽  
Haibin Dong ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Zeyu Wang ◽  
Jianguo Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Multimodal Interactions ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Conjunction Analysis ◽  
Left Insula

AbstractBeing able to accurately perceive the emotion expressed by the facial or verbal expression from others is critical to successful social interaction. However, only few studies examined the multimodal interactions on speech emotion, and there is no consistence in studies on the speech emotion perception. It remains unclear, how the speech emotion of different valence is perceived on the multimodal stimuli by our human brain. In this paper, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with an event-related design, using dynamic facial expressions and emotional speech stimuli to express different emotions, in order to explore the perception mechanism of speech emotion in audio-visual modality. The representational similarity analysis (RSA), whole-brain searchlight analysis, and conjunction analysis of emotion were used to interpret the representation of speech emotion in different aspects. Significantly, a weighted RSA approach was creatively proposed to evaluate the contribution of each candidate model to the best fitted model. The results of weighted RSA indicated that the fitted models were superior to all candidate models and the weights could be used to explain the representation of ROIs. The bilateral amygdala has been shown to be associated with the processing of both positive and negative emotions except neutral emotion. It is indicated that the left posterior insula and the left anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) play important roles in the perception of multimodal speech emotion.

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