POST-CONFLICT BEHAVIOUR OF WILD CHIMPANZEES (PAN TROGLODYTES SCHWEINFURTHII) IN THE BUDONGO FOREST, UGANDA

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Arnold ◽  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Budongo Forest

AbstractSince de Waal & van Roosmalen (1979) first documented the occurrence of reconciliation between former opponents in captive chimpanzees, the study of the post-conflict behaviour of primates has provided valuable information about some of the details of primate social organisation. The vast majority of these studies have been carried out on captive subjects and it has been assumed that these findings are representative of wild primates. We set out to investigate whether this was true for the Sonso community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the Budongo Forest, Uganda, using controlled procedures comparable with those used in captive studies. We found that these chimpanzees were much less likely to reconcile than their captive counterparts. Only one dimension of relationship quality had an effect on the likelihood of reconciliation. Individuals which were highly compatible, in terms of time spent affiliating, reconciled conflicts more often than those with weak relationships. Captive chimpanzees have also been shown to 'console' one another (de Waal & van Roosmalen, 1979; de Waal & Aureli, 1996), where uninvolved bystanders initiate affiliative contacts with victims of aggression. This study did not confirm that consolatory behaviour was characteristic of wild chimpanzee post-conflict behaviour. Nor did these chimpanzees use explicit gestures during post-conflict interactions as they have been shown to do in two out of three captive studies. We conclude that the post-conflict behaviour of chimpanzees is more variable than has previously been thought and is likely to be dependent on the prevailing social environment.

scholarly journals Flexibility in the social structure of male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Badihi ◽  
Kelsey Bodden ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler ◽  
Liran Samuni ◽  
Catherine Hobaiter
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Association Data ◽  
Large Groups

ABSTRACTIndividuals of social species face a trade-off between the competitive costs and social benefits of group living. Species show a range of social strategies to deal with this trade-off, for example atomistic fission-fusion dynamics in which temporary social groups of varying size and membership form and re-form; or molecular fission-fusion dynamics which contain stable sets of multilevel nested subgroups. Chimpanzees are considered an archetypical atomistic fission-fusion species, using dynamic changes in day-to-day association to moderate the costs of within-group competition. It has been argued that humans’ highly flexible social organisation allows us to live in extremely large groups. Using four years of association data from two neighbouring communities of East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), we describe new levels of flexibility in chimpanzee social organisation and confirm the presence of subgrouping in a second, large community of chimpanzees. We show that males from the larger Waibira community (N males 24-31) exhibited additional levels of semi-stable subgrouping, while males from the smaller Sonso community (N males 10-13) did not. Subgroup membership showed stability across some years, but flexibility across others. Our data support the hypothesis that chimpanzees can incorporate strategies other than fission-fusion to overcome costs of social living, and that their social organisation may be closer to that of modern humans than previously described.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial living offers benefits and costs; groups can more easily locate and defend resources, but experience increased individual competition. Many species, or individuals, flexibly adjust their social organization when faced with different competitive pressures. It is argued that humans are unique among primates in combining multigroup social organisation with fission-fusion dynamics flexibly within and across groups, and that doing so allows us to live in extremely large groups. Using four-years of association data we show new levels of flexibility in chimpanzee social organization. Males from a typically-sized community employed atomistic fission-fusion dynamics, but males in an unusually large community incorporated additional semi-stable levels of subgrouping. Our data support the hypothesis that chimpanzee males combine social organization strategies, and that doing so may allow them, like humans, to mitigate individual costs at larger community sizes.

Condensed tannins and sugars in the diet of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in the Budongo Forest, Uganda

Oecologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Reynolds ◽  
A. J. Plumptre ◽  
J. Greenham ◽  
J. Harborne
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii ◽  
Budongo Forest

scholarly journals Social bonding, gestural complexity and displacement behaviour of wild chimpanzee

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ilona Roberts ◽  
Sam George Bradley Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Wild Chimpanzee ◽  
Gestural Communication ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Tactical Decisions ◽  
Budongo Forest ◽  
Made In

AbstractKinship and demography affect social affiliation in many different contexts such as co-feeding, resting, travel, grooming, visual attention and proximity. Chimpanzees may coordinate these social interactions by using gestural communication to make signaller’s goal transparent to the recipient and also by increasing commitment of the recipient through including rewarding property in communication. The rewards of gesturing can be measured through the rates of displacement behaviour made in response to these gestures by the recipient. We tested hypothesis that gestural communication affects social affiliation after controlling for kinship and demography in wild, adult chimpanzees living in Budongo Forest, Uganda. We found that affiliative but not antagonistic gestures positively predicted social affiliation. Contexts differed in their association with gestures according to complexity and association with displacement behaviour. More complex, less intense gestures predicted mutual grooming, travel, visual attention whereas less complex, more intense gestures predicted unidirectional grooming. Mirroring these patterns, reduced displacement activity occurred in response to gestures associated with unidirectional grooming but not other contexts. We highlight that these tactical decisions that wild chimpanzees make in their use of gestural communication may be driven by complexity of social environment that influences effectiveness with which signalers can influence the recipient.

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