A Concise Numerical Guide for the Perplexed Shiite: Al-Barqī’s (d. 274/888 or 280/894) Kitāb al-Aškāl wa-l-qarāʾin

Arabica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
Roy Vilozny
Keyword(s):  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Section

The peculiarity of Kitāb al-Aškāl wa-l-qarāʾin, the opening section in the printed editions of Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Barqī’s (d. 274/888 or 280/894) Kitāb al-Maḥāsin, is easily discernable: it is sub-divided into chapters bearing numeric titles, from “The Chapter on Three” to “The Chapter on Ten”. Each of these chapters contains various Imamite or prophetic traditions whose message is related in one way or another to the number mentioned in its title. Attempting to shed additional light on the Shiite hadith literature prior to its canonization during the Buwayhid era (334/945-447/1055), this article examines the relationship between style and content within this numerical framework. Being the earliest extant Shiite example of a numerical treatise, the present paper sets out to trace the author’s possible sources of inspiration as well as the work’s impact on later generations of Shiite scholars.

Overture

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rena Upitis
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
School Music ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elementary School Music ◽  
Opening Section

The opening section of the book describes the relationship between the first edition and the second, written more than thirty years apart, which document the author’s experiences as the elementary-school music teacher at an inner-city school in Boston, Massachusetts. The school partnered with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in a professional development and research project. The author also describes her role as an academic at MIT and relates it to her present university position and to her lifelong work as a music educator. The conversational style of the opening section foreshadows the remaining chapters and the retrospective approach that is taken throughout, as the author explores why the pedagogy described in the first edition has endured so well over the years, not only in terms of her classroom-teaching experiences but also in her role as a preservice educator and music-education researcher.

scholarly journals Orthodox Christianity and the State: the Relevance of Globalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-229
Author(s):  
Victor Roudometof
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Section

Abstract Orthodox Christianity remains relatively understudied and its scholarly analysis still suffers from widespread misconceptions. This article’s opening section is devoted to de-bunking of past biases, as these emerge in conventional or traditional modernist images of Orthodoxy in scholarship. Next, the article lays out a global perspective and argues that such a perspective can contribute greatly toward a different understanding of the relationship between Orthodox Church and politics. It proposes a series of distinct church-state patterns as observed in Orthodox pre-modern and modern societies. The variety of these arrangements strongly suggests the need to overturn past interpretations and to accept the basic premise that Orthodox Christianity has a multifaceted relationship to society and culture – as well as to accept the notion that, from within the lenses of historical globalization, Orthodoxy has experienced historical change and that its current version is in fact not the relic of an unchanged tradition but rather the product of social change and of adjustment to globalization.

Race and the Imagined Community

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tahir Abbas
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Section

This opening section of the book explores a set of overarching themes relating to matters of ethnicity, politics and religion that impact on discussions relating to the nature of the relationship between the concepts of Islamophobia and radicalization. It provides personal history by way of an introduction to the author and includes a summary of the key perspectives from which the issues at hand are considered in the book, which includes history, politics, sociology, culture, security studies and international relations. The overall argument made here suggests that Islamophobia is an identifiable form of racism and hostility to an actual and perceived ‘other’. This Islamophobia has the effect of radicalizing young Muslims in the Global North, which leads to further instances of Islamophobia, creating a perpetual cycle.

THE NATURE OF SOCIAL AGREEMENTS (YUE) IN THE LEGAL ORDER OF MING AND QING CHINA (PART ONE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Terada
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Section ◽  
New Framework

The two most notable forms of law in the Ming and Qing periods were state law and private contracts. They were thought to exist separately, as the saying went: “The state has laws while individuals have private contracts.” Scholars have also held the same view; they have contrasted the two, defining the former as vertical, authoritative and a political tool to govern the state, and the latter as horizontal, voluntary and a tool to regulate economic activities of individuals. Social agreements that were instituted in order to maintain order in villages, however, had characteristics of both; on one hand they were contracts drawn up voluntarily by the villagers, but on the other hand, they also had the aspect of commands given by village leaders for ordinary members to observe. The opening section looks at studies that have been made on written law and private contracts. The following section examines how village compacts were instituted and how they were enforced. Three types of village compact are examined – village regulations, village compacts based on the Confucian moral code, and alliances connected with rent-resistance movements. Part Two will discuss the nature of coercive commands and voluntary contracts, both of which commonly coexisted in a unique mixture in village compacts, and will then expand the conclusion drawn from the discussion above to the level of the state, to present a new framework for understanding the relationship between statutory law and private contracts, and that between state authority and social power.

scholarly journals Wasiat Rasulullah Kepada Ali bin Abi Thalib Dalam Naskah Washiyyatu al-Mustafa (Edisi Teks dan Terjemahan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Arif Ibrahim ◽  
Undang Ahmad Darsa ◽  
Titin Nurhayati Ma'mun
Keyword(s):  
West Java ◽  
The Will ◽  
Standard Edition ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Section

This study discusses Waṣiyyah al-Muṣṭafa (WM) manuscript which contains the Prophet's will for Ali bin Abi Thalib. This manuscript is a single manuscript which written by Ahmad Thabibuddin using Sundanese. This manuscript obtained from people collection in Cianjur, West Java. The condition of the manuscript when it was found was quite good even though there were some damage such as torn, folded, and corrupt. This research used philology method, as for edition method of this research is standard edition. The purposes of this research is to produce text edition which is pure of written errors. So, it can be enjoyed by readers generally. In addition, this study aims to reveal the will of the Prophet to Ali bin Abi Thalib to become a daily lesson and practice of Muslims. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that this text consists opening section, contents section which includes 15 part, and closing section. Written errors only occurred in substitution and omission cases, the most cases occurred is substitution cases with percentage of 81.8%, while omission is only 18.1%, this shows the writing errors that occurred are mechanical and the author is not aware moreover intended to change it. The results showed that the Messenger of Allah willed about various aspects of life, both the scope of individuals such as honesty or social scope such as way in friends relationship. In addition, this will guides the relationship between humans and humans with their Lord. 

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document