An unedifying monument? J.M. Kemper and some early controversies around the French civil code

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Alain Wijffels
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Lower House

AbstractAgainst allegations that the 1820 draft of a Civil code for the Kingdom of the Netherlands was too doctrinal and theoretical, one of J.M. Kemper's arguments during the parliamentary discussions consisted in pointing out that far from being academic, the provisions of the draft which further elaborated on general principles expressed in the French Civil Code were in fact meant to settle through legislation controversies which had appeared in French legal practice and case law after the enactment of that code. Kemper's unsuccessful argumentation was especially developed in the course of the debate in the Lower House on the draft's preliminary articles relating to (i) the non-retrospective effect of statutes and (ii) nullity as a default-sanction for violation of statutory rules.

scholarly journals Márkus Dezső a nőkérdésről II.

DÍKÉ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Kinga Császár
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Legal Practice

This paper shows the standpoints of the representatives of the legal practice about women’s legal status in Hungary between 1867 – 1918. The actuality of the examination was the fact that the drafts of the first Civil Code in Hungary (1900 –1928) were under editing at the same time. The articles about  alimony and jointure are described in this paper. The study shows the attitude of the members of the legal profession towards the extension of women’s rights and the significant contradictions in case law.

Formation of Contract and Third Parties in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Tayseng
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Formation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Formal Requirements

This chapter gives an overview of the law on contract formation and third party beneficiaries in Cambodia. Much of the discussion is tentative since the new Cambodian Civil Code only entered into force from 21 December 2011 and there is little case law and academic writing fleshing out its provisions. The Code owes much to the Japanese Civil Code of 1898 and, like the latter, does not have a requirement of consideration and seldom imposes formal requirements but there are a few statutory exceptions from the principle of freedom from form. For a binding contract, the agreement of the parties is required and the offer must be made with the intention to create a legally binding obligation and becomes effective once it reaches the offeree. The new Code explicitly provides that the parties to the contract may agree to confer a right arising under the contract upon a third party. This right accrues directly from their agreement; it is not required that the third party declare its intention to accept the right.

Contracts for the Benefit of Third Parties in Japan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Okino
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
German Model ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Law

This chapter discusses the law on third party beneficiaries in Japan; mostly characterized by adherence to the German model that still bears an imprint on Japanese contract law. Thus, there is neither a doctrine of consideration nor any other justification for a general doctrine of privity, and contracts for the benefit of third parties are generally enforceable as a matter of course. Whether an enforceable right on the part of a third party is created is simply a matter of interpretation of the contract which is always made on a case-by-case analysis but there are a number of typical scenarios where the courts normally find the existence (or non-existence) of a contract for the benefit of a third party. In the recent debate on reform of Japanese contract law, wide-ranging suggestions were made for revision of the provisions on contracts for the benefit of third parties in the Japanese Civil Code. However, it turned out that reform in this area was confined to a very limited codification of established case law.

scholarly journals Clients, clinics and social justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Collinson ◽  
Alice Diver ◽  
Sharon McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Un Global Compact ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a case study of an innovative, three-module pathway designed by the Department of Law and Criminology at Edge Hill University (England) in 2014. In addition to supporting the work of its campus pro-bono law clinic, the first-two modules aim to enhance and evidence the legal skills of EHU’s undergraduate LLB students, to embed a deeper awareness of the (legal) ethics needed for sustainable legal practice (within PRME), and to highlight the increasing need for socially responsible advocates, able to defend the rights of marginalised, vulnerable clients.Design/methodology/approachThe critical analysis of the content and scope of an innovative, work-based learning LLB module pathway, which furthers the aim of the UN Global Compact and the PRME, and ties them firmly to socio-legal issues and advocacy involving recent jurisprudence.FindingsThe case law used within the modules, and the practical work of the students in the campus law clinic, are relevant to social justice issues and to the promotion of PRME values—they promote awareness of human rights principles, highlight the importance of access to legal services and provide students with knowledge of legal ethics. Enhanced employability skills flow from this.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a narrow case study but still provides a useful analysis of an innovative, PRME relevant module pathway. The model mirrors international trends in clinical legal education and also offers a template for other law schools keen to promote the concept of ethical, just legal practice.Practical implicationsThe paper posits that enhanced employability can flow from real world tasks such as advocacy for marginalised or disadvantaged groups and presents an exemplar for other law schools wishing to embed ethics/clinical law practice into their curriculum.Social implicationsThe paper highlights how the campus law clinic serves the public in a deprived region—it raises awareness of human rights and of social justice issues. It has the potential to feed into litigation on social welfare issues (housing, social security, child welfare, etc.).Originality/valueThe discussion of the human rights case law that is used in the Year 2 “bridging module” (which prepares students for working in the law clinic in their final year) is particularly relevant and is analysed in detail, highlighting how this module pathway is aimed at promoting PRME and UN Global Compact principles.

The Rome III Regulation in legal practice: case law and comments

ERA Forum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Ilaria Viarengo
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Rome Iii

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Usufruct in the Countries of Roman-German Law: Implementation of Best Practice in Ukrainian Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Roman A. Maydanyk ◽  
Nataliia I. Maydanyk ◽  
Natalia R. Popova
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
German Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Real Right ◽  
The Law

The article examines the features of usufruct in the European countries of Romano-Germanic law, determines the terms for the implementation of the best European practice of usufruct in the law of Ukraine. The law of European countries of continental law recognizes the usufruct as a real right of personal possession for use, which is considered an independent real right to another's property or a kind of easement. The peculiarities of usufruct in some countries of Romano-Germanic law, in particular in Germany, France, Georgia, Moldova and Russia, are researched. The peculiarities of usufruct in some countries of Romano-Germanic law, in particular in Germany, France, Poland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Georgia, Moldova and Russia, are researched. The issues of usufruct implementation in the law of Ukraine are considered. The issues of usufruct implementation in the law of Ukraine are considered. The authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to introduce the institute of usufruct into the Ukrainian law by supplementing the Civil Code of Ukraine with a new chapter “Uzufruct”, the framework provisions of which are proposed in this paper.

scholarly journals POSISI HUKUM ADAT DALAM HUKUM KONTRAK NASIONAL INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paripurna P Sugarda ,
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Civil Code

<h2>Abstract</h2><p>Cepat atau lambat Indonesia akan memiliki hukum perjanjiannya sendiri. Alasan dari pernyataan ini adalah bahwa, pertama, hukum kontrak Indoensia sekarang adalah sebenarnya hukum yang diatur dalam Buku III dari KUH Perdata Lama yang tidak lagi digunakan di negera Belanda. Kedua, karena dalam Hukum Kontrak Indonesia tidak sesuai dengan sifat dari bangsa Indonesia. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa, pertama, asas-asas hukum perdata barat jika dihadapkan dengan asas-asas hukum perdata adat maka asas-asas hukum perdata barat cenderung bersifat individualistik sedangkan asas hukum perdata adat cenderung bersifat komunalistik. Hukum barat dalam perkembangannya mengalami proses koletivisasi sedangkan hukum adat mengalami proses indvidualisasi. Kedua, ada dua faktor yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya suatu hukum yakni faktor idiil dan faktor riil. Asas-asas kekeluargaan, gotong-royong, dan tolong-menolong merupakan asas yang hukum adat yang merupakan faktor idiil dalam pembentukan hukum kontrak Nasional, sedangkan asas rukun, kepatutan atau kepantasan dan laras (harmoni) merupakan asas hukum adat yang merupakan faktor riil dalam pembentukan hukum kontrak nasional. Ketiga<strong>, </strong>hukum perjanjian Indonesia (KUH Pdt Belanda Lama), di Belanda, dengan <em>the Netherlands New Civil Code </em>(NBW) kearah yang lebih jelas, lebih luas cakupannya, dan lebih terarah penerapannya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari bagaimana Hukum Perdata Belanda mengembangkan peraturan yang mengandung asas itikad baik. Keempat, dengan perkembangan pengaturan asas itikad baik yang terjadi di Belanda, asas-asas hukum adat berpeluang untuk tampil dan dipergunakan dalam hukum kontrak nasional. Cara yang mungkin dilakukan untuk menampilkan asas-asas hukum adat dalam hukum kontrak nasional adalah dengan menggunakan proses konkretisasi asas itikad baik dalam hukum kontrak sebagai sarananya. Dengan demikian, seyogyanya asas-asas hukum adat tersebut di atas merupakan landasan dan latar belakang pembentukan hukum kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Hukum Kontrak Indonesia yang akan datang, Prinsip-prinsip Hukum Adat</p>

scholarly journals German Transplants in Estonian Tort Law: General Duties to Maintain Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Janno Lahe
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
General Duty ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
German School ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Individual

The jurisprudence and case-law approach of German tort law – and, more broadly, German-school legal thinking in general – has found its way into Estonian case law on torts and into Estonia’s scholarly texts on jurisprudence. From among the catalogue of transplants from German tort law that have reached Estonian law or legal practice, the paper focuses on one whose importance cannot be overestimated: the concept of tort liability based on breach of the general duty to maintain safety. This domain has witnessed remarkable change since the beginning of the 2000s, when an analogous concept of liability was still unfamiliar to many Estonian lawyers. The article examines whether and to what extent the concept of liability based on the general duty to maintain safety has become recognised in Estonian legal practice in the years since. Also assessed is the relevant case law to date, for ascertainment of whether any adoption of an equivalent concept of liability has been successful and, in either event, what problems remain to be resolved. The importance of this issue extends far beyond that of individual questions: the recognition of general duties to maintain safety affects our understanding of the very structure of tort law, of that of the general composition of tort, and of the connections that link the individual prerequisites for tort liability. Furthermore, this constellation influences our thought in the field of tort law more generally and our approach to the cases emerging in real-world legal practice.

Law of Torts

Japanese Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Oda
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
The Law ◽  
General Provision

Tort is part of the Law of Obligations. Provisions on tort liability are found in Book Three, the Law of Obligations, of the Civil Code. There is only a single general provision on tort. The legislature expected rules to develop out of case law. A person who intentionally or negligently infringes upon others’ right or interests protected There is a body of case law which sets out details of tort law such as causation and fault. There have been cases where the shift of the burden of proof was at issue.　

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