Article 9.2 of the Aarhus Convention and eu Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Darpö
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Judicial Protection ◽  
Environmental Decision

One important means for the implementation of the third pillar of the Aarhus Convention into eu law is the provisions on access to justice in the eia Directive (2011/92). The case-law of the cjeu on those provisions has developed rapidly in the last couple of years. This body of cases has given the concept “access to justice in environmental decision-making” a new meaning and improved the understanding of the requirement for judicial protection under eu environmental law. The aim of this article is to highlight this development and discuss a couple of key issues on access to justice. First, the relationship between “direct effect” and the individuals “rights” and the principles of effectiveness and judicial protection according to eu law is analysed. Thereafter, the meaning of “substantive and procedural legality” and the distinction between general and personal interests in relation to individual’s standing are discussed. The next issue concerns the role of environmental non-governmental organisations. Finally, the concept “courts or tribunals” in environmental decision-making procedures is considered.

The Aarhus Convention in Practice: Challenges and Perspectives for German Environmental Authorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-385
Author(s):  
Dr. Ulrich Gieseke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environmental Administration

The Aarhus Convention aims to democratize environmental decision-making. Since its adoption 20 years ago, the Aarhus Convention has led to a fundamental change in German environmental administration. This article explores the administrative capacities, organizational structures and enforcement requirements, identifies challenges for environmental authorities and outlines prospects for better implementing the Aarhus Convention. The main challenges are: extended responsibilities for authorities, greater complexity of environmental decisions, increased transparency, more external communication, stricter procedural requirements, extended access to justice and the reduction of enforcement deficits. The success of the Aarhus Convention largely depends on high-capacity administration, which adapts its way of decision-making to these challenges. In addition, substantive environmental law is the foundation upon which the three pillars of the Aarhus Convention rest. Therefore, this article argues that legal instruments and a high level of substantive environmental law are essential for environmental authorities to achieve effectively the objective of the Aarhus Convention.

scholarly journals Trayectorias productivas y tecnología ambiental en la industria maquiladora electrónica de Tijuana

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto García Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Network ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Environmental Decision

Resumen:El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar los fa c t o res de aprendizaje y de competencias involucrados en la selección, introducción y puesta en práctica de tecnologías ambientales en las empresas filiales electrónicas de Tijuana. La pregunta central que se pretende responder en esta investigación es: ¿De qué manera la evolución de competencias productivas de las filiales transnacionales condiciona la introducción y puesta en marcha de tecnologías ambientales? En virtud de que la industria maquiladora de exportación electrónica en Tijuana ha experimentado diferentes fases de evolución productiva, la hipótesis de este documento establece que la capacidad, habilidad y necesidad de incorporar tecnologías ambientales se encuentra asociada con el nivel de conocimiento manufacturero y el rol de la empresa filial dentro de su red corporativa. Este trabajo muestra algunos resultados del proyecto de investigación del mismo título, desarrollado entre los meses de enero y agosto de 1998. El estudio abarcó una muestra de 12 empresas, que fueron seleccionadas y clasificadas en tres momentos de evolución productiva a partir de los trabajos de Alonso y Carrillo (1996) y Contreras et al. (1996). El análisis de trayectorias productivas en relación con el medio ambiente identifica los factores principales involucrados en la selección, introducción y aplicación de tecnologías ambientales, con los cuales enriquecemos el contexto de decisiones productivas y ambientales propuestas por nuestro modelo hipotético.Palabras clave: Electrónica, Industria maquiladora, Tijuana, Tecnologías ambientales, Conocimiento manufacturero. Abstract:The main objective of this study is to analyze the learning and competency factors involved in the selection, introduction, and implementation of environmental technologies in electronic plants from Tijuana. The central question addressed is as follows: In which way do the evolution of productive competencies of the transnational companies affect the introduction and implementation of environmental technologies? Given the fact that the maquiladora industry of electronic exportation in Tijuana has experienced different faces of productive evolution, the hypothesis of this document is that the cap a city, skill, and need to incorporate environmental technologies are associated to manufacturing knowledge level and the role of the subsidiary within its corporate network . We show some findings as a part of the research projectlabeled as this essay, which was carried out from January to August 1998.The study encompassed a twelve-plants sampling, selected and classified in three stage of productive evolution following Alonso y Carrillo (1996) and Contreras et al. (1996) . The analysis of productive trajectories identifies the mains factors involved in selecting, introducing and implementing environmental technologies. This allow to enrich the context of productive and environmental decision making proposed by our hypotetical model.Key words: Electronics, Export-oriented industry, Tijuana, Environmental technologies, Manufacture knowledge.

The Aarhus Convention and Polish Regulations Concerning Parties to Proceedings for Issuing the eia Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Magdalena Michalak ◽  
Przemysław Kledzik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Environmental Law And Policy

Abstract The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters was adopted on 25 June 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus. According to its provisions each state Part shall, within the framework of the national legal order, ensure that members of the public concerned have access to a review procedure before a court of law or another independent and impartial body established by law. At the same time, it contains regulations specifying the criteria that constitute the basis for determining persons enjoying rights to access justice with respect to national legal orders. Poland, being one of the state Parties, introduced into national legal order special provisions enabling implementation of the Aarhus Convention, including regulations concerning parties to proceedings in environmental matters. The aim of the study is to analyse and assess these regulations in the light of the requirements adopted in the Aarhus Convention and to formulate general conclusions in the field of key issues of the international and European environmental law and policy.

4. Public Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-127
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Eloise Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Public Decision

This chapter explains the important role that public law, particularly administrative law, plays in environmental law. This role comes about because much of environmental law requires vesting decision-making and regulatory power in the hands of public decision-makers at all levels of government. This chapter begins by providing an overview of the different constituent elements of public law: constitutional law, administrative law, the role of the EU and international law, as well the complexities of this area of law. The chapter then moves on to consider the way in which the different types of interests involved in environmental problems and the need for information and expertise provide challenges for public law. The chapter then provides an overview of four major features of public law that are particularly relevant to environmental lawyers: the Aarhus Convention, accountability mechanisms, judicial review, and human rights.

The role of scientific studies in building consensus in environmental decision making: a coral reef example

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda P. Rehr ◽  
Mitchell J. Small ◽  
Paul S. Fischbeck ◽  
Patricia Bradley ◽  
William S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Decision

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION MAKING: EXAMINING THE AARHUS CONVENTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN R. PALERM
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Environmental Decision

After reviewing the development of public participation in environmental decision making, empirical/theoretical principles for public participation are proposed, based on Habermas's theory of communicative action. These principles are used to assess the Aarhus convention (AC), as well as the implications of the AC for the interpretation of EIA directive 85/337/EEC (amended by directive 97/11/EC) and the proposed directive on SEA.The results show that the AC falls short of the proposed principles in four fundamental aspects: (1) its need to ensure the participation of cognitively and lingually non-competent actors; (2) the need to have a two-way communication process; (3) the need to ensure normative and subjective claims are adequately recognised; and (4) the need to establish conflict management procedures. As well, the results show that the AC will set stricter standards for the interpretation of the public participation provisions in both the EIA directive and the proposed SEA directive.

Diamond in the Rough

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 481-491
Author(s):  
Steven F. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Decision

This review of Jared Diamond's new book, Collapse, analyses the book in the context of other Malthusian treatments of environmental issues, noting its original and unconventional analysis of the role of environmental factors in the fate of past cultures, but critiquing its lack of imagination for the institutional dimensions of environmental decision-making for our future today.

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