Urban Working Class Life in Early Twentieth Century Russia: Some Problems and Patterns

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Bonnell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Working

The Strange Radicalism of Thomas Carnduff and St John Ervine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connal Parr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Abbey Theatre ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

St John Ervine and Thomas Carnduff were born in working-class Protestant parts of Belfast in the 1880s, though Ervine would escape to an eventually prosperous existence in England. Orangeism, the politics of early twentieth-century Ireland, the militancy of the age—and the involvement of these writers in it—along with Ervine’s journey from ardent Fabian to reactionary Unionist, via his pivotal experiences managing the Abbey Theatre and losing a leg in the First World War, are all discussed. Carnduff’s own tumultuous life is reflected through his complicated Orange affiliation, gut class-consciousness, poetry, unpublished work, contempt for the local (and gentrified) Ulster artistic scene, and veneration of socially conscious United Irishman James Hope. It concludes with an assessment of their respective legacies and continuing import.

scholarly journals Everyday Magic: Some Mysteries of the Mantlepiece

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Ralph Mills
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Small mass-produced objects, such as ceramic figurines, that may have been displayed on mantelpieces, are found in working-class nineteenth and early twentieth century archaeological contexts. Above the hearth, at the heart of the home, objects located on the mantelpiece could be said to be central in reflecting a number of aspects of the lives of those who placed them there. These could include identity, resistance, memory and superstition.

scholarly journals Swatting Flies for Health: Children and Tuberculosis in Early Twentieth-Century Montreal

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Minnett ◽  
Mary-Anne Poutanen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation

Responding to an appeal by city physicians and health reformers to destroy a prodigious disease carrier, the housefly, the Montreal Daily Star launched an island-wide contest in July 1912, offering prizes to children who collected the most dead flies. Nearly a thousand children, largely from working-class families, participated in a three-week-long "Swat the Fly" competition. Engaging Montreal children in this contest underscores a popular idea at the time that the best way to improve public health and combat the ignorance of a generation was to arm a new one with knowledge. While historians recognize that children's participation in campaigns to promote public health measures was pivotal to their success, youngsters are often rendered as passive recipients of reformers' efforts. We argue the contrary: children were active agents in public health crusades both as consumers and as advocates.

Reshaping School Mathematics in Australia 1788–1988

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Ellerton ◽  
M. A. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Mathematics Educators

An examination of nineteenth and early twentieth century events reveals the origins of the following three traditions of school mathematics in Australia: 1. Many groups in society will not benefit from having access to any branch of mathematics other than elementary arithmetic. Such groups include females, working-class children, and Aboriginal and other children whose cultures differ from the dominant Anglo-Saxon culture. 2. The main purpose of school mathematics is to prepare students for tertiary courses. 3. Rote teaching and learning procedures associated with rigidly defined courses of study, prescribed text books, and written examinations are desirable. Over the last 25 years the validity of these traditions has been questioned. This paper argues that the heavy dependence on overseas ideas, and the acceptance of tertiary mathematicians' views on school mathematics, which characterised earlier times, have diminished because of the greater involvement of school teachers, and tertiary and government mathematics educators, in discussions on school mathematics.

scholarly journals Revisiting White Labourism: New Debates on Working-Class Whiteness in Twentieth-Century Southern Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Duncan Money ◽  
Danelle van Zyl-Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
White Workers

Abstract This article is a contribution to and reassessment of the debate about the concept of ‘white labourism’ hosted in this journal in 2010. White labourism is a concept formulated by Jonathan Hyslop to describe an ideology combining an anti-capitalist critique with racial segregation that he argued was dominant in a transnational white working class in the British Empire in the early twentieth century. The debate about this concept has focused on the appeal and extent of this ideology in South Africa during the early twentieth century. In light of recent scholarship on Southern Africa, we take a longer-term perspective to critically examine the concept and the debate. Specifically, we make three interventions into this debate: we consider the role of white workers outside British imperial networks; we examine how radical and revolutionary ideas disappeared from white-working class politics in the mid-twentieth century; and we reassess the connection between transnational flows of people and ideas. Racial divisions in the working class and labour movement in Southern Africa were persistent and enduring. We argue that racial segregation had an enduring appeal to white workers in Southern Africa, and the sources of this appeal were more varied and locally rooted than simply transnational migration to the region.

Wives, Wages, and Regulating Breadwinners

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Nimisha Barton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Great War ◽  
Marital Discord ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Foreign Wives

This chapter cites Yolanda Foldes's 1937 novel about a Hungarian family in interwar Paris, in which the character Klari Barabas stumbles into the middle of a lovers' quarrel involving Greek Christos and his French wife. It analyses the misfortunes of fictional Christos and his French wife, which suggest men's work, missing wages, and marital discord that were intertwined in the mixed and immigrant working-class households sprouting up throughout France after the Great War. It also discusses the twin middle-class ideals of the male breadwinner and the femme au foyer that governed early twentieth century economic and social life. The chapter recounts how marriage became the most reliable legal means of securing access to a male breadwinner and his wages by the early twentieth century, especially in the event of the union's demise. It talks about alimentary pensions that were paid regularly by estranged husbands and were enforced by officials at the behest of French and foreign wives themselves.

Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels:

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Keith D. Revell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
Resort Hotels

Luxury Hotels and Urban Hostels: Carl Fisher, Resort Architecture, and the Contrasting Worlds of Miami Beach's Pre-Depression-Era Lodging contrasts two approaches to hotel building in Miami Beach during the early to mid-1920s. Keith D. Revell describes how luxury resort hotels, exemplified by Carl Fisher's Flamingo (1920), offered recreation activities and elaborate venues for socializing for successful businessmen and their families. While these hotels projected affluence and exclusiveness, most of the city's hotels were urban hostels: small in scale, with limited amenities, integrated into the urban grid, and serving a broad array of middle- and working-class visitors. Although both luxury hotels and urban hostels were decorated with Spanish colonial motifs, they differed markedly in size, siting, function, and audience. Luxury hotels and urban hostels thus show how different approaches to city building and urban image making—one developer led, the other market led—shaped the nation's premier winter resort in the early twentieth century.

Tenant Mobilization and the 1907 Rent Strike in Buenos Aires

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Tenement House ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Rent Increase

In September of 1907, the residents of a large conventillo, or tenement house, in Buenos Aires protested a 47 percent rent increase by striking against their landlord and refusing to pay. The strikers called on the residents of other rental buildings to join with them and organized a central committee. The strike spread quickly. By October 1 tenants from more than 750 buildings had joined in the strike. That number increased to nearly 2,000 buildings before the end of 1907. Neighborhood and building committees arose throughout the city as nearly one tenth of the total population of Buenos Aires, and tenants in several other major cities as well, joined the strike in one of the largest and most unusual forms of working-class collective action in early twentieth-century Argentina.

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