Olfactory Costimulation Influences Intranasal Somatosensory Perception

Abstract Olfactory sensitivity is influenced by intranasal trigeminal sensation. For instance, sniffing is central to how humans and animals perceive odorants. Here, we investigated the influence of olfactory costimulation on the perception of intranasal somatosensory stimulation. In this study, 22 healthy human subjects, with normal olfactory function, performed a localization task for stimulation using weak air puffs, a pure odorant, phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA; rose odor), or their combination. Visual cues were used to inform participants to briefly hold their breath while weak, poorly localizable, air puffs and/or PEA were delivered to either nostril. Although PEA alone could not be localized to the correct nostril, when it accompanied a weak air puff in the ipsilateral nostril, localization accuracy significantly improved, relative to presentation of the air puff without the odorant. The enhancement of localization was absent when the air puff and PEA were presented to opposite nostrils. Since ipsilateral but not contralateral costimulation with PEA increased the accuracy of weak air puff localization, the results argue against a non-specific alerting effect of PEA. These findings suggest an interaction between olfactory and intranasal somatosensory stimuli leading to their integration.

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Olfactory Co-Stimulation Influences Intranasal Somatosensory Perception

10.1101/519439 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Prasanna R. Karunanayaka ◽

Jiaming Lu ◽

Qing X. Yang ◽

K. Sathian

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Alcohol ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Olfactory Sensitivity ◽

Localization Task ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Somatosensory Stimulation ◽

Localization Accuracy ◽

Healthy Human Subjects ◽

Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol

ABSTRACTOlfactory sensitivity is influenced by intranasal trigeminal sensation. For instance, sniffing is central to how humans and animals perceive odorants. Here, we investigated the influence of olfactory co-stimulation on the perception of intranasal somatosensory stimulation. In this study, twenty-two healthy human subjects, with normal olfactory function, performed a localization task for weak air-puff stimuli, in the presence or absence of a pure odorant, phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA; rose odor). Visual cues were used to inform participants to briefly hold their breath while weak, poorly localizable, air-puffs and/or PEA were delivered to either nostril. Although PEA alone could not be localized, when accompanied by a weak air-puff in the ipsilateral nostril, localization accuracy significantly improved, relative to presentation of the air-puff without the odorant. The enhancement of localization was absent when the air-puff and PEA were presented to opposite nostril. Since ipsilateral but not contralateral co-stimulation with PEA increased the accuracy of weak air-puff localization, the results argue against a non-specific alerting effect of PEA. These findings suggest an interaction between the olfactory and somatosensory trigeminal systems.

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Chronic stress decreases circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in healthy human subjects

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.37.gp.18.01 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Buqing Yi ◽

Igor Nichiporuk ◽

Matthias Feuerecker ◽

Gustav Schelling ◽

Alexander Chouker

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Effect of a Novel Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract Standardized in Abscisic Acid on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses in Healthy Human Subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-791-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 791-P

Author(s):

ANDREA ZANGARA

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Plasma clearance of chylomicrons labeled with retinyl palmitate in healthy human subjects.

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37744-0 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 805-812

Author(s):

F Berr ◽

F Kern

Keyword(s):

Plasma Clearance ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Steady-state kinetics of serum bile acids in healthy human subjects: single and dual isotope techniques using stable isotopes and mass spectrometry.

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38702-2 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 238-252

Author(s):

G T Everson

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Stable Isotopes ◽

Steady State ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Dual Isotope ◽

Steady State Kinetics ◽

Healthy Human Subjects ◽

Kinetics Of

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Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 618

Author(s):

Riley Larson ◽

Courtney Nelson ◽

Renee Korczak ◽

Holly Willis ◽

Jennifer Erickson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Blood Glucose Response ◽

Acacia Gum ◽

Fiber Treatment ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.

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