Upper Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) Air Disinfection On An MDR-TB Ward In Sub-Saharan Africa – Effects Of Humidity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Dharmadhikari ◽  
Matsie Mphahlele ◽  
Kobus Venter ◽  
Chandresh Ladva ◽  
Melvin First ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Air Disinfection ◽  
Upper Room

scholarly journals Management of TB/HIV co-infection: the state of the evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Kwasi Torpey ◽  
Adwoa Agyei-Nkansah ◽  
Lily Ogyiri ◽  
Audrey Forson ◽  
Margaret Lartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are strongly linked. There is a 19 times increased risk of developing active TB in people living with HIV than in HIV-negative people with Sub-Saharan Africa being the hardest hit region. According to the WHO, 1.3 million people died from TB, and an additional 300,000 TB-related deaths among people living with HIV. Although some progress has been made in reducing TB-related deaths among people living with HIV due to the evolution of diagnostics, treatment and antiretroviral HIV treatment, multi drug resistant TB is becoming a source of worry. Though significant progress has been made at the national level, understanding the state of the evidence and the challenges will better inform the national response of the opportunities for improved patient outcomes.Keywords: Tuberculosis, management, HIV, MDR TB, GhanaFunding: None

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes and antiretroviral uptake in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV coinfected Patients in Sub Saharan Africa. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Dzelamonyuy Chem ◽  
Marie Claire Van Hout ◽  
Vivian Hope
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in HIV endemic settings is a major threat to public health. MDR-TB is a substantial and underreported problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with recognised cases projected to increase with advancement in diagnostic technology. There is paucity of review evidence on treatment outcomes and antiretroviral (ART) uptake among MDR-TB patients with HIV in SSA. To address this gap a review of treatment outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with MDR-TB in the SSA region was undertaken. Methods Three databases (Medline, Web of Science, CINHAL), Union on Lung Heath conference proceedings and grey literature were searched for publications between January 2004 and May 2018. Records were assessed for eligibility and data extracted. Random effect meta-analysis was conducted using STATA and Cochrane’s review manager. Results A total of 271 publications were identified of which nine fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected from 3,368 MDR-TB and HIV co-infected patients from four SSA countries; South Africa (6), Lesotho (1), Botswana (1) and Ethiopia (1). The most common outcome was cure (34.9% cured in the pooled analysis), this was followed by death (18.1% in pooled analysis). ART uptake was high, at 83% in the pooled analysis. Cure ranged from 22.2% to 57.7% among patients on ART and from 28.6% to 54.7% among those not on ART medication. MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients were less likely to be successfully treated than HIV negative MDR-TB patients (Risk Ratio = 0.87, 95% CI 0.97, 0.96). Conclusion Treatment outcomes for MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients do not vary widely from those reported globally. However, treatment success was lower among HIV positive MDR-TB patients compared to HIV negative MDR-TB patients. Prompt antiretroviral initiation and interventions to improve treatment adherence are necessary.

Upper-Room Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) for Air Disinfection: A Symposium in Print

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Nardell ◽  
Richard Vincent ◽  
David H. Sliney
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Air Disinfection ◽  
Upper Room

Eggcrate UV: a whole ceiling upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system for air disinfection in occupied rooms

Indoor Air ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Linnes ◽  
S. N. Rudnick ◽  
G. M. Hunt ◽  
J. J. McDevitt ◽  
E. A. Nardell
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation System ◽  
Air Disinfection ◽  
Upper Room

scholarly journals Prevalence of Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis and its Associated factors among Patients at Lubaga Hospital.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Winnie Nakiboneka
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality resulting in an estimated 8.8 million incident cases and 1.4 million deaths Up to 92% of the TB cases occur in low and middle-income countries with the sub-Saharan Africa region hosting nine of the highest TB incidence countries globally Uganda is ranked 16th among the 22 high burden countries. It is estimated that nearly 60,000 MDR- TB cases occur annually in the sub-Saharan region and these comprise 14% of the global burden of TB. In Uganda West Nile, the general prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is reported to be 20.2% and MDR-TB is 2.7% Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study about the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and its associated factors among patients was conducted on 384 TB patients at Lubaga hospital. The patients were selected by simple random sampling and data was collected by the use of a structured questionnaire and analysis were done using SPSS version 17. Results: The prevalence of rifampicin resistance according to this study's findings was 10%. The predisposing factors to rifampicin resistance were cigarette smoking (P-Value = 0.001), history of prolonged stay with a TB infected patient, (P-Value = 0.001), and history of a previously treated episode of TB among the study respondents (P-Value = 0.001). Conclusion and recommendations The government of Uganda needs to carry out more intensified mass sensitization of people about the dangers of cigarette smoking, particularly to HIV infected individuals. In the same line of sensitization, people need to be continuously reminded by the ministry of health about the signs and symptoms of TB so that community members can identify suspects and refer them for specialized diagnosis and management such that delayed detection of the disease is minimized which will also reduce on rifampicin resistance.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes and antiretroviral uptake in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV coinfected Patients in Sub Saharan Africa. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Dzelamonyuy Chem ◽  
Marie Claire Van Hout ◽  
Vivian Hope
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in HIV endemic settings is a major threat to public health. MDR-TB is a substantial and underreported problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with recognised cases projected to increase with advancement in diagnostic technology. There is paucity of review evidence on treatment outcomes and antiretroviral (ART) uptake among MDR-TB patients with HIV in SSA. To address this gap a review of treatment outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with MDR-TB in the SSA region was undertaken. Methods Three databases (Medline, Web of Science, CINHAL), Union on Lung Heath conference proceedings and grey literature were searched for publications between January 2004 and May 2018. Records were assessed for eligibility and data extracted. Random effect meta-analysis was conducted using STATA and Cochrane’s review manager. Results A total of 271 publications were identified of which nine fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected from 3,368 MDR-TB and HIV co-infected patients from four SSA countries; South Africa (6), Lesotho (1), Botswana (1) and Ethiopia (1). The most common outcome was cure (34.9% cured in the pooled analysis), this was followed by death (18.1% in pooled analysis). ART uptake was high, at 83% in the pooled analysis. Cure ranged from 22.2% to 57.7% among patients on ART and from 28.6% to 54.7% among those not on ART medication. MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients were less likely to be successfully treated than HIV negative MDR-TB patients (Risk Ratio = 0.87, 95% CI 0.97, 0.96). Conclusion Treatment outcomes for MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients do not vary widely from those reported globally. However, treatment success was lower among HIV positive MDR-TB patients compared to HIV negative MDR-TB patients. Prompt antiretroviral initiation and interventions to improve treatment adherence are necessary.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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