Edraianthus stankovicii (Campanulaceae), an overlooked taxon from the Balkan Peninsula—Evidence from morphometric, molecular and genome size studies

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
DMITAR LAKUŠIĆ ◽  
SAŠA STEFANOVIĆ ◽  
SONIA SILJAK-YAKOVLEV ◽  
TAMARA RAKIĆ ◽  
NEVENA KUZMANOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Species Level ◽  
F Region ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
External Transcribed Spacer

The taxonomically intricate Edraianthus dalmaticus-serbicus group within E. tenuifolius-complex in the Balkan Peninsula is reviewed using morphological, molecular and genome size data based on extensive sampling of populations across the species’ range. The phylogenetic analyses based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), plastid DNA (trnL-F region and rbcL-atpB spacer) and nuclear ribosomal external transcribed spacer (nrETS) sequences confirmed the monophyly of E. serbicus as traditionally defined but have also revealed the presence of two distinct and allopatrically distributed taxa. The genome size and morphological analyses, performed on the same widespread sample of populations, largely corresponded with molecular results, allowing us to raise the overlooked taxon E. serbicus subsp. stankovici, to the species level. The names Edraianthus serbicus and E. serbicus subsp. stankovicii (≡ E. stankovicii) are typified. Furthermore, a new differential diagnosis, description and illustration of E. stankovicii are provided, as well as its conservation status is assessed. Edraianthus stankovicii is a rare and critically endangered stenoendemic taxon, with the distribution limited only to Mts. Veliki Krš and Stol in NE Serbia.

Evaluating the Taxonomic Status of the Globally Rare Carex roanensis and Allied Species Using Morphology and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler W. Smith ◽  
Marcia J. Waterway
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Geographic Regions

We used a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and morphological data from 272 individuals from 59 populations to investigate the species-level taxonomy of Carex roanensis and allied species. There were two taxonomic problems in this group: identifying the appropriate taxonomic status for Carex roanensis, and clarifying the distinctions (if any) between C. virescens and C. swanii. Principal coordinate analysis of the morphological data suggested four entities corresponding to C. aestivalis, C. roanensis, C. swanii, and C. virescens, but clear discrimination was not possible. In contrast, the AFLP data showed marked discontinuities among these four species, placing even morphological intermediates into one of four groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant population differentiation within each species, but only C. virescens had any detectable differentiation between geographic regions. This study confirms the species-level distinction between the common and widespread taxa C. swanii and C. virescens, as well as that of the globally rare Appalachian endemic C. roanensis.

Genetic relationships within and among Iberian fescues (Festuca L.) based on PCR-amplified markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro J.G. de Nova ◽  
Marcelino de la Cruz ◽  
Juan V. Monte ◽  
Consuelo Soler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Genetic Variation

The genus Festuca comprises approximately 450 species and is widely distributed around the world. The Iberian Penninsula, with more than 100 taxa colonizing very diverse habitats, is one of its main centers of diversification. This study was conducted to assess molecular genetic variation and genetic relatedness among 91 populations of 31 taxa of Iberian fescues, based on several molecular markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and trnL sequences). The analyses showed the paraphyletic origin of the broad-leaved (subgenus Festuca , sections Scariosae and Subbulbosae, and subgenus Schedonorus ) and the fine-leaved fescues (subgenus Festuca, sections Aulaxyper, Eskia, and Festuca). Schedonorus showed a weak relationship with Lolium rigidum and appeared to be the most recent of the broad-leaved clade. Section Eskia was the most ancient and Festuca the most recent of the fine-leaved clade. Festuca and Aulaxyper were the most related sections, in concordance with their taxonomic affinities. All taxa grouped into their sections, except F. ampla and F. capillifolia (section Festuca), which appeared to be more closely related to Aulaxyper and to a new independent section, respectively. Most populations clustered at the species level, but some subspecies and varieties mixed their populations. This study demonstrated the value in combining different molecular markers to uncover hidden genetic relationships between populations of Festuca.

scholarly journals Hoya pyrifolia (Apocynaceae), a new species from south-western Yunnan, China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Er-Feng Huang ◽  
Gang Yao ◽  
Ri-Hong Jiang ◽  
Lei-Lei Yang ◽  
Wang Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
External Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
A New Species

Hoya pyrifolia, a new species of Apocynaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. Results from phylogenetic analyses, based on combined DNA fragments of the nuclear ribosomal external transcribed spacer (ETS), intergeneric transcribed spacer (ITS) and three plastid DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH and trnT-trnL), showed that the new species was nested within a clade, including Hoya species distributed in the subtropical foothills of the Himalayas and the Tibet-Sichuan Plateau. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its close relatives by its pyriform and slightly pubescent leaves, as well as the 4-flowered inflorescences.

scholarly journals A morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the African orchid genus Stenoglottis (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean P Phillips ◽  
Benny Bytebier
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Multivariate Morphometrics ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Small Genus

Abstract Stenoglottis is a small genus of forest orchids endemic to continental Africa. Nine taxa have so far been described, but species boundaries in the genus are problematic and several of these taxa are not widely accepted. In this study, taxon boundaries were investigated by means of a combination of morphometric and phylogenetic analyses, with the aim of resolving species-level relationships and identifying practical diagnostic characters. Sequence variation was low, particularly in plastid DNA (atpI-atpH), and Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear markers (ITS and ETS) did not resolve all of the putative taxa. Multivariate morphometrics (PCA, PCoA, cluster analysis) likewise did not support the recognition of all described Stenoglottis taxa, but they reliably distinguished some taxa that DNA data did not. Combined morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports the delimitation of five species and two varieties, for which characteristics of floral spurs, labella, leaves, bracts and auricles provide reliable diagnostic traits. These findings will form the basis of a taxonomic revision in which the proposed changes will be formalized.

A Demonstration of a 1:1 Correspondence Between Chiasma Frequency and Recombination Using a Lolium perenne/Festuca pratensis Substitution

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J King ◽  
L A Roberts ◽  
M J Kearsey ◽  
H M Thomas ◽  
R N Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Frequency Counts

Abstract A single chromosome of the grass species Festuca pratensis has been introgressed into Lolium perenne to produce a diploid monosomic substitution line (2n = 2x = 14). The chromatin of F. pratensis and L. perenne can be distinguished by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and it is therefore possible to visualize the substituted F. pratensis chromosome in the L. perenne background and to study chiasma formation in a single marked bivalent. Recombination occurs freely in the F. pratensis/L. perenne bivalent, and chiasma frequency counts give a predicted map length for this bivalent of 76 cM. The substituted F. pratensis chromosome was also mapped with 104 EcoRI/Tru91 and HindIII/Tru91 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), generating a marker map of 81 cM. This map length is almost identical to the map length of 76 cM predicted from the chiasma frequency data. The work demonstrates a 1:1 correspondence between chiasma frequency and recombination and, in addition, the absence of chromatid interference across the Festuca and Lolium centromeres.

A Remarkable New Species of the Habenaria nuda Complex (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço Range of Eastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo&#227o A. N. Batista ◽  
Pablo B. Meyer ◽  
Gabriela Cruz-Lustre ◽  
Antonio L. V. Toscano de Brito
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
The State ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Quadrilátero Ferrífero ◽  
Nuclear Its

Habenaria longissima, a new species from the H. nuda species complex, is described and illustrated. It is remarkable for the exceptionally long lateral segments of the petals and labellum, which are the longest among Neotropical Habenaria, both in absolute and inproportional terms. Despite the morphological similarity, Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA markers (matK), revealed that H. longissima is distantly related to other species of the complex, and constitutes an independent lineage. Its distribution is unusual in that it is the only species of Orchidaceae restricted to the Quadrilátero Ferrífero in the State of Minas Gerais and to Chapada Diamantina, in the central part of the Espinhaço range in the State of Bahia, with the populations 1000 km from each other. Habenaria longissima is a rare species, known only from three localities and four populations and informally proposed as Endangered due to the small area of occupancy and small number of known populations.

scholarly journals A new species (Begonia giganticaulis) of Begoniaceae from southern Xizang (Tibet) of China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Dai-Ke Tian ◽  
Wen-Guang Wang ◽  
Li-Na Dong ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Min-Min Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Unique Shape ◽  
A New Species

Begonia giganticaulis, a huge new species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum of Begoniaceae from southern Xizang (Tibet) of China, is described. Morphologically, it is mostly similar to B. longifolia and B. acetosella, but clearly differs from the former mainly by its dioecious and taller plants, sparse hairs on abaxial veins, longer inflorescence, unique shape of fruits, and differs from the latter mainly by its late and longer flowering time, 6-tepals of female flower and 3-loculed ovary. The phylogenetic analyses also support the separation of the new species from other taxa. Based on the current data, its conservation status is assigned to Endangered (B2a) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

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